This study develops an action research approach to the investigation of children's games and sports activities. Eight hypotheses concerning the differential effects of participation in organized sports and participation in child-directed games are generated from a review of theory and research. Hypothesis 1 postulates that participation in…

Coaching students for excellence in the individual events of forensics should encompass the contexts of education, rhetoric, art, and competition. Coaches must keep in mind that forensic events are built on the principles of communication theory, not the rules of contest, and that an effective individual event experience will be the result of…

How games influence the psychological and social development of children is examined. It is pointed out that the current emphasis on competition and winning at all costs is harmful and that competition is not instinctive but a learned response to society's expectations. Other cultures such as the Eskimo and Chinese are presented as examples of…

A two-year interinstitutional study among 15 cooperating universities was conducted to determine whether significant differences exist in teaching loads among the selected universities as measured by student credit hours produced by full-time equivalent faculty. The statistical model was a multivariate analysis of variance with fixed effects and…

Research examining the effects of sports participation on children and youth is reviewed from the perspective of psychological and physical development. Statistical information regarding the participation rate in different kinds of youth sports is given. The effects of prolonged athletic activity on bone, muscle, and adipose tissue growth is…

This study investigated: (1) the differences in competition-cooperation behavior of male and female children in a two-person game; and (2) whether sex differences in behavior were affected by either the sex of the game partner or by instructions. Subjects were 72 urban, middle class boys and girls. Their mean age was 7 years 11 months. Children…

An inquiry was conducted during the period of October 1973 through March 1974 to assess the need for a more comprehensive study of intercollegiate sports in the United States. A number of observations were made: (1) Although sports as entertainment can be expected to continue to play an increasingly important role in our society, big-time…

Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT) is a classroom program which addresses the problems of student values, student diversity, and basic skills. This article describes: how TGT works, its origins, research to date, implications for teachers and researchers, how TGT is used in the classroom, and new directions for TGT. (Author/SJL)

The research described in this report elaborates the dimensions and effects on elementary-aged children of cooperative, competitive, and individualized learning environments, with specific focus on peer relationships and personal satisfactions and dissatisfactions. Children's behavior was observed within the learning environments and again…

Studies involving puzzle-solving in competitive, cooperative, and individual settings demonstrate that children's reactions to their own and other's success and failure are strongly influenced by the reward contingencies offered. Reward structures have different implications for children differing in self-concept level. Implications for the…

The rising supply of doctors, less-than-optimal health of Americans, increased health care costs, and fewer students deciding to become physicians suggest the need for a new concept of medicine and medical education, including a broader view of health and more interdisciplinary study. (MSE)

The authors present two case studies of collaborative efforts between the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and the Communications Workers of America to provide inservice training that enhances productivity, competitiveness, and individual career development. The effort was facilitated by the quality-of-worklife process. (CH)

Career Information Delivery Systems (CIDS) are computer-based resources that provide information on occupations and related education and training opportunities. The following recommendations are offered to CIDS developers: (1) expand employer involvement; (2) increase adult access; (3) improve counselor training; and (4) use emerging technology.…

Desiring to become the "Education President," George Bush sees school improvement as the key to restoring America's competitive edge. The federal government, acting as a catalyst for state and local reforms, should monetarily reward outstanding schools, satisfy diverse educational interests, aim federal assistance at high risk students, and stress…

The Harvard University Business School will establish a new program on ethics, leadership, and competitiveness in business, to be financed with $30 million in private gifts. The major contributor is the chairman of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, an alumnus and former ambassador. (MSE)