Among the many theories attempting to explain sex differences in spatial ability, one of the most highly researched is the X-linked recessive gene theory. This is a review of the major research done on that theory and shows the conflicting nature of the results. (Author)

A method is presented for analyzing data collected in a multiple group time-series design. This consists of testing linear hypotheses about the experimental and control group-means. Both a multivariate and a univariate procedure are described. (Author/GK)

Describes a simulated archaeological dig for a ninth-grade Canadian social studies class. Students role-play archaeological teams in 2180 AD who find well-preserved bags of "garbage." Students classify garbage artifacts, write reports hypothesizing about the households which produced them, and match the contents of their bags to…

The "factor" analyses published by Schultz, Kaye, and Hoyer (1980) confused component and factor analysis and led to unwarranted conclusions. The principal factors method yields two factors which support the a priori expectation of a difference between intelligence tasks and spontaneous flexibility tasks. (Author/RD)

Hypotheses stated in 98 articles from 10 journals were classified as follows: explicit--26; clearly implied--22; loosely implied--22; and nonexistent--28. A trend toward clearer statements from 1966 to 1976 was confounded with a trend toward more experimental studies. There were four null statements and no statistical statements. (CP)

The linked judgments approach is offered as a potential solution to problems of statistical conclusion validity when judges' ratings are employed in pretest-posttest designs. (Author/GK)

The use of hypothesis testing is widespread in occupational education research. In this, the first of two parts dealing with hypothesis testing, the authors show that considering Type II error can strengthen research results. (Author)

A major problem in social science research is that of successfully carrying out the random assignment of persons to experimental and control groups. In this study a computer-based random assignment procedure operated successfully on a weekly basis for 17 consecutive weeks in a program serving over 360 ex-offenders. (CTM)

An example demonstrates that Joreskog's suggested sufficient conditions for identifying unknown parameters in a confirmatory factor analytic model with correlated factors are not sufficient. Sufficient conditions are presented. (Author/JKS)

Assuming that subject responses rank order stimuli by preference, statistical methods are presented for testing the hypothesis that responses conform to a unidimensional, qualitative unfolding model and to an a priori stimulus ordering. The model is suitable for the analysis of structure in attitude responses, preference data, and developmental…

The Guttman scale is discussed from the viewpoint of errors in response patterns. The errors are assumed to be distributed as a binomial. A double-barreled significance test is suggested having two probabilities: high probability and low probability. (Author)

Hypothesized that biofeedback training for fear-relevant physiological changes might provide a useful therapeutic strategy to influence directly a person's reaction to anxiety-inducing situations. (Author)

It was predicted that external Ss in the structured group would rate the leader and the group more positively than would internal Ss, and that internal Ss in the unstructured group would rate the leader and the group more positively than would external Ss. (Author)

In addition to reviewing available procedures for interpreting interaction effects in ANOVA designs, this research develops procedures for estimating the magnitude of simple main or interaction effect variance components relative to the total variance accounted for by simple effect profiles. (Editor/RK)

Examines the effect of sex of subject and acquaintance on the behavior of 24 pairs of same-sex subjects at a particular transition point, the closure of a meeting. Results are discussed in relation to social skills and to differential expectations of future interaction. (Editor/RK)