Statistical methods, called latent variable models, have been developed to provide rigorous tests of theories involving unobserved variables. This paper describes the major types of latent variable models, shows how they can be applied in educational research, and gives representative examples of their use from the literature. (Author/BW)

The Welch-James procedure may be used to test hypothesis on means, when independent samples from populations with heterogenous variances are available. Summation formulas for the Welch-James procedure are presented for the 2x2 design. Matrix formulas that permit routine application of the procedure to crossed factorial designs are presented.…

Examined the influence of cognitive complexity and client observation on the quality of clinical hypotheses counselors develop and the number of questions generated to test them. Results showed no effect of these variables on hypothesis quality; but a significant interaction between client observations on the number of questions developed. (LLL)

The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the short- and long-term retention effects resulting from training students to organize and to classify information to be acquired. (Author)

Attempts to show how social learning theory provides a theoretical perspective for studying individual differences in information-seeking regarding preventive health care. (Author/RK)

Examines the position that the presence of contexts facilitates paired-associate learning through mediation. (Editor/RK)

Examines the similarity-attraction relationship using rating scale and bogus pipeline (a pseudophysiological monitoring device) techniques within the context of individual differences in social desirability biases and variations in experimental demands. (Author/RK)

When evaluating the utility of a psychological test for clinical decision making, both the psychometric properties of the test (i.e., the reliability and validity of the instrument) and the ambiguity of the language by which test results are interpreted or communicated need to be considered. Although each has been studied independently, to date…

This study applied nonparametric bootstrapping to test null hypotheses for selected statistics (KR-20, difficulty, and discrimination) derived from a student-made test. The test, administered to 21 students enrolled in a graduate-level educational assessment class, contained 42 items, 33 of which were analyzed. Random permutations of the data…

The controversy about the use or misuse of statistical significance testing has become the major methodological issue in educational research. This special issue contains three articles that explore the controversy, three commentaries on these articles, an overall response, and three rejoinders by the first three authors. They are: (1)…

Purpose of this paper is to report the level of power for recent statistical tests reported in the AERJ and to propose alternative reporting schemes relative to hypothesis testing to include power and effect size. (Author)

Using data collected from 30 high school districts within metropolitan New York, a direct positive relationship between the training of instructional staff at diversified, prestigious universities and per pupil expenditure was supported. On the basis of the small sample size this conclusion is considered exploratory. (LN)