Reprints from: Arthur R. Jensen, School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

This article reviews some of the less well-known hypothesis tests for variance, how they are employed, and how the results may be interpreted. Tests include testing for a single variance and the T-test for correlated variances. (CT)

Several randomized response models for gathering self-report data when persons are asked sensitive questions are reviewed. A new general model for reducing error by asking questions conditional upon earlier answers is introduced. Hypothesis testing and confidence-interval procedures are demonstrated for data collected by the randomized response…

Investigates potential causes of decrements in children's understanding of the words "big" and "tall" by comparing results of studies of English-speaking children and results of a study of Arabic-speaking children. (Author/RH)

Studies of children who initially display high rates of antisocial behavior indicate such children are more likely to persist in this behavior than those who initially show lower rates. (Author/MP)

To modify least squares estimators so that outliers arising from heavy-tailed distributions will have less influence, a robust coefficient of kurtosis, which avoids the quartic effect, is described. Aspects of Pearson's and Fisher's kurtosis coefficients are compared in the procedure. (Author/CM)

An analytic procedure is presented which casts sequential moderator analysis in the role of a multivariate test of parallelism of regressions. The procedure addresses a test for comparing predictor-criterion relationships for one set of measurements or multiple predictors and repeated measurements on a criterion. (Author/PN)

Post-hoc blocking and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) both employ a concomitant variable to increase statistical power relative to the completely randomized design. It is argued that the advantages attributed to the block design are not always valid and that there are circumstances when the ANCOVA would be preferred to post-hoc blocking.…

Formulas for estimating the population measure of effect strength are based on the assumption that sample sizes are proportional to the sizes of their respective treatment populations. Because this assumption is frequently violated, a general method of estimating effect strength for the one-factor, fixed-effects design is presented. (Author/BW)

It is suggested that error of measurement cannot be routinely incorporated into the "error term" in statistical tests, and that the reliability of test scores does not have the simple relationship to statistical inference that one might expect. (Author/GK)

Describes two experiments testing the hypothesis that thematic titles largely relieve the reader of the task of constructing a sense from coherent texts. Finds that such titles significantly increase free recall of structured or slightly disorganized texts, while only prolonged reading allows titles to raise recall of an unstructured text. (MES)

Kerlinger's criterial referents theory of attitudes was tested cross-culturally by administering an education attitude referents summated-rating scale to 713 individuals in Israel. The response pattern to criterial and noncriterial referents was examined. Results indicated empirical cross-cultural validity of theory, but questioned measuring…

Reexamines two recent papers in "Administrative Science Quarterly" (1977, EJ 167 789; 1978, EJ 188 620) by James C. March and James G. March on a study involving Wisconsin school superintendents. (Author/MLF)

The relationship between two methods for detecting group effects in nonexperimental data--covariance analysis and contextual analysis--is examined. The examination shows that contextual effects are a special case of the group effect obtained in covariance analysis. (Author/JKS)

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using the penalty function method to estimate parameters that are subject to a set of functional constraints in covariance structure analysis. Both types of inequality and equality constraints are studied. The approaches of maximum likelihood and generalized least squares estimation are considered.…