Describes research that empirically tested the effects of presentation format, time, pressure, and task complexity on decision performance. The objective was to determine the most effective presentation format (i.e., graphics or tables) for the performance of tasks of varying capabilities by decision makers under time pressure. (Author/LRW)

Two theories of children's household labor participation (child socialization or the need for household labor) involving 1,352 families from the 1988 National Survey of Families and Households find support for both, with more confirmation for the pragmatic (labor needed) aspects. Children's efforts represent about 12 percent of all household…

Describes a citation analysis that was performed to explore the extent and nature of the contributions of linguistic theory to information science research from 1950 to 1984. Quantitative and qualitative assessments are discussed, hypotheses tested are described, and recent developments in linguistic theory are addressed. (38 references) (LRW)

Corrects an error in the calculation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic when it is used to empirically confirm or deny the generalized Lotka's law. Examples from the literature are given of both correct and incorrect uses of the KS test and Lotka equations with cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). (six references) (LRW)

Piaget's last two works may add a new level of coherence and generality to his theories, which are grounded in an insight about the interdependence of reality and knowledge about reality. Piaget expanded Kant's epistemology to encompass three systems operating in the frames of biology, psychology, and culture. (MDM)

An approximate statistical test is derived for the hypothesis that the intraclass reliability coefficients associated with two measurement procedures are equal. Control of Type 1 error is investigated by comparing empirical sampling distributions of the test statistic with its derived theoretical distribution. A numerical illustration is…

Assessed hypothesis testing strategies of 65 counseling trainees who viewed and responded to videotaped client-counselor interaction for both client-identified and counselor self-generated hypothesis about client's problem. Results for client-identified hypotheses failed to support strong neutral hypothesis testing strategy or predicted…

Discussion of computer-mediated communication (CMC) focuses on a study that examined the similarity between computer bulletin board users' perceptions of individuals from whom they received messages and the users' perceptions of the computer itself. Hypotheses tested are explained, mechanomorphism is discussed, and implications of the findings for…

Presents a report originally published in 1992 describing the organizational phase of a digitizing project at the Yale University Library that planned to convert material from microfilm to digital image form. Working hypotheses are explained; and the vendor selection process is reviewed, including technical components, design principles, and…

Three experiments examined four- through seven-year-olds' understanding of the role of covariation evidence in hypothesis formation. Found that by age six most children understood how evidence would lead a story character to form a hypothesis different from the child's own hypothesis. (MDM)

A model is presented for multiple pairwise comparisons of selected categories (cells) of a contingency table after the chi-square test has rejected the null hypothesis of equality of population proportions. The model determines which, if any, pairwise proportions have led to the rejection. (SLD)

Provides a comparison of centered and raw-score analyses in least squares regression. The two methods are demonstrated with constructed data in a Monte Carlo study to be equivalent, yielding identical hypothesis tests associated with the moderation effect and regression equations that are functionally equivalent. (SLD)

Outlines concerns that must be addressed by those who advocate replacing statistical hypothesis-testing with alternative data-analysis strategies. Suggests that commonly recommended alternatives are not perfect and that various hypothesis-testing modifications can be implemented to make the process and its conclusions more credible. Hypothesis…

Philosophers' attempts to convincingly explicate the received view of an ad hoc hypothesis--that it accounts for only the observations it was designed to account for--have been unsuccessful. Familiar and firmer criteria for evaluating the hypotheses or modified theories so classified are characteristically available. Contains 41 references.…

Discusses two criticisms raised by L. Hayduk and D. Glaser of the most commonly used point estimate of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSEA) and points out misconceptions in their discussion. Although there are apparent flaws in their arguments, the RMSEA is open to question for several other reasons. (SLD)