When reporting results, researchers must not change predetermined significance levels. Such attempts to make results more significant are statistically inaccurate, illogical, and unethical. American Psychological Association standards for reporting significance should be more explicit. (CP)

Identifies the purpose and need for a vocational evaluation process in the correctional setting. Discusses the five steps in such a process: preliminary intake procedure, primary data gathering, hypothesis formulation phase, hypothesis testing phase, and outcome and/or follow-up. CCT)

Five methods of performing pairwise multiple comparisons in repeated measures designs were investigated. Consideration of both Type I and Type II error rates found in the simulated conditions for the five procedures suggests that a Bonferroni method utilizing a separate error term for each comparison should be employed. (Author/JKS)

Replicates the study by McGarrigle and Donaldson (1975). Considers several objections to McGarrigle and Donaldson's claim that the tasks they used did in fact test the child's ability to conserve number. A procedure free from these objections was employed in a second experiment. Discusses implications for the social psychology of the conservation…

A procedure for approximating attained significance levels of exact conditional tests is proposed. The procedure utilizes a sampling from the null distribution of tables having the same marginal frequencies as the observed tables. (Author/JKS)

Some of the more simplified methods for contrasts with equal sample sizes in multiple regression analysis are shown to result in erroneous calculations when applied to data sets with unequal sample sizes. An alternative method is provided. (Author/JKS)

The importance of measuring the size of an effect for fixed effects factorial analysis of variance designs is emphasized. Technical issues in such measurement are considered and examples are provided. (Author/JKS)

A method is proposed for overcoming the problem of multicollinearity in multiple regression equations where multiplicative independent terms are entered. The method is not a ridge regression solution. (JKS)

Twenty-six subjects were exposed to a period of noxious stimulation and subsequently performed a task that incidentally involved learning to avoid one of two types of punishment, electric shock and monetary loss. Results support Lykken's theory of the development of sociopathic behavior and Aronfreed's more general conceptualization of aversive…

Fifty-one psychiatric inpatients were tested on a 36-item satisfaction scale before and after and after a reorganization at Harlem Valley Psychiatric Center. Results showed that the involuntary relocation of chronic psychiatric patients to another institutional treatment environment causes few demonstrable effects. (Editor/RK)

This research examines separately the cognitive and pharmacological effects of alcohol by manipulating subjects' expectancies. It was found that although alcohol is a pharmacologic sedative and reduces anxiety, the cognition that one is drinking alcohol increases anxiety. (Editor/RK)

Some common reasons for failures of experimental procedures are presented and suggestions are given for avoiding them through systematic precautions taken beforehand. (Editor)

Piaget has stated that the child's active manipulation of objects is a necessary part of teaching for intellectual development. But this appears to be contrary to empirical evidence. From a review of literature, it is concluded that Piaget's insistence on physical activity, and his dismissal of observation, are excessive. (Editor)

The hypotheses of informational cognitive control, based on the idea that being able to predict the occurrence of an unpleasant event facilitates a reduction of its impact, has not received clear support in previous research. This experiment investigates the effects of three variables on subjective reactions to mild electric shock. (Editor/RK)

Most studies of memory emphasize the direct encoding of physical stimuli. In contrast, this research investigates memory for the internal stimuli that are generated during processing of a presented stimulus. (Editor)