Case studies of two 8-year-old stutterers describe the use of positive reinforcement for 30-second intervals of speech fluency. (CL)

Smokers (N = 90) were assigned to 10 treatment conditions; another 20 smokers were included in a no-apply control group. The treatment effects of aversive conditioning were negligible, and in some instances they were surpassed by the effects of controls for nonspecific treatment factors and placebo effects. (Author)

Compared a broad-spectrum treatment against a control limited to one week of aversive conditioning. Results indicated a dramatic treatment effect, with 76 percent of experimental subjects (as compared to 35 percent of controls) remaining abstinent at a six-month follow-up. (Author)

Student volunteers who experienced problems in impulsive overspending of money were randomly assigned to either a self-control treatment condition or to a placebo condition. Those in the self-control condition evidenced a significantly greater change (55 percent reduction in spending) than placebo control subjects, who showed a slight average…

Development of a cognitive behavior therapy approach to anger management is presented with results of its application to a hospitalized depressive with severe anger problems. The treatment approach follows a procedure called "stress inoculation," which consists of three basic stages: cognitive preparation, skill acquisition and…

Expectancy instructions were introduced six times during the four-week treatment, and effectiveness of these instructions was demonstrated with independent nonreactive measures of subjects' expectancies. An analysis of self-report, behavioral, and unobtrusive measures of snake anxiety revealed significant main effects for instructions, with…

High and low general-self-esteem subjects performed a series of anagrams on which they either appeared to succeed or fail or received little evaluative feedback. Their persistence at a subsequent set of anagrams was assessed. Following initial failure low-self-esteem subjects persisted less than high-self-esteem subjects. (Author)

The oral opiate, naltrexone, was used in a double-blind placebo-controlled study with two young profoundly mentally adults who exhibited intractable self-injurious behavior. No measurable effects on the self-injurious behavior were observed. (Author/DB)

A double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of intermittent drug therapy on stereotyped and collateral behaviors of six profoundly mentally retarded, institutionalized, adult males. Despite a marked reduction in medication, there was no general change of clinical significance in any of the behaviors. (Author/DB)

The study involved a 3 1/2 year retrospective analysis of a transdisciplinary peer review committee in a residential facility for the mentally retarded including 141 restrictive behavior management programs. Data are presented on three variables: (1) "turn around" time, (2) average number of reviewers, and (3) reviewer comments.…

A six-year-old with severe conduct disorders and learning delays increased task accuracy and on-task performance and decreased his disruptions after a reinforcement contingency was instituted. Eventually the child assumed responsibility for grading all tasks independently, maintaining high task accuracy. (CL)

The effects of treatment on errors in consonant clusters and in ambisyllabic consonants were investigated in two adults with histories of developmental phonological problems. Results indicated that treatment, consisting of a sound-referenced rebus approach, affected change in production of trained words as well as generalization to untrained words…

A teacher recounts his work to help a troubled child (who was causing classroom disturbances) learn to make friends and gain peer acceptance. (CB)