Two studies with three-year-old children tested the hypothesis that, whereas errors of phenomenism predominate when children are asked about objects' real and apparent properties, errors of intellectual realism predominate when children are asked about objects' real and apparent identities. Results provided some support for the property-identity…

Author responds to critique by Daniel Griffiths (Educational Administration Quarterly v. 19, p. 201-21) by defending his work in three areas: derivation of hypotheses, testing of hypotheses, and erroneous attribution of assumptions. (JW)

Tests the relationship between the success of psychotherapeutic efforts and the client's expectation-reality discrepancy, i.e., as the number of disconfirmed expectations increases the possibility for successful psychotherapy (positive therapy outcomes and low drop out rates) decreases. (Author/RK)

This paper provides a rationale for using and sustaining rival hypotheses Web-based tools to promote students' understanding of the concepts of internal and external validity. Five major concerns are identified. The first is that, in their present form, the Web sites subsume the discussion of threats to validity under experimental designs, giving…

This paper provides examples of how one can use the research issue and the relationships between qualitative and quantitative research as a frame for instructing students and judging the quality of research. The emphasis is on validity estimates, also called legitimization techniques, with attention to the idea of a qualitative-quantitative…

A simple shortcut procedure for analysis of variance is presented using the means, standard deviations, and number of cases in each sample directly. (Author/NE)

Study was directed at determining the extent to which Type I error rate is affected by violations in the basic assumptions of the test based on the q statistic. (Authors/CB)

The ability of M. Levine's subset-sampling assumptions to account for the decrease in response latency following the trial of the last error was investigated by employing a distributed stimulus set composed of four binary dimensions and a procedure which required Ss to make an overt response in order to sample each dimension. (Author)