This paper develops and tests a theory, referred to as "preference for whiteness," which predicts that the interracial (white-black) and intraracial wage gap widens as the skin shade of the black worker darkens. Using data drawn from the Multi City Study of Urban Inequality and the National Survey of Black Americans, we report evidence…

The relationship between wage differentiation and long-term unemployment was examined in a study that considered data regarding long-term unemployment and minimum wages in the United States, Japan, and 10 member nations of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Data regarding wages and unemployment in the 11 countries were…

The impact of population density on the likelihood of Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) clients becoming economically self-sufficient was examined through a study of 2,647 ADC recipients referred to a total of 8 comprehensive vocational assessment centers (CVACs) for ADC clients that were established in Ohio in 1992. Of the CVACs, two were from each…

A study examined career opportunities for women in social science research careers in the United Kingdom. Data were collected from the following sources: review of literature/data on women in social science research and their career prospects; survey of Economic and Social Research Council research centers and independent research instituted to…

Although more U.S. women hold management positions than at any other time, only an estimated 1 or 2% have made the breakthrough to top-level executive positions. In 1988, women in the United States represented 45% of the civilian labor force; however, they represented only 39.3% of all persons employed in managerial, executive, and administrative…

These three conference papers from the Biennial Conference on Postsecondary Education for Persons who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing focus on career planning and placement strategies for students with deafness or hard of hearing. The first paper, "Successful Job Development and Placement Strategies with Deaf and Hard of Hearing College…

Those who could most benefit from adult education are the least likely to participate in it, according to data from a 1991 large-scale, nationally representative field test of the educational activities of adults in the United States. The National Household Education Survey data showed that 38 percent of adults age 17 or older participated in some…

Although technological change profoundly affects the types, amounts, and conditions of work in both public and private sectors, there is no agreement among economists, technologists, or labor representatives on the impact of developments of new high-technology industries upon employment. Because the implications of these developments are neither…

Legal provisions and regulations relating to the hiring and evaluation of certified staff are reviewed by the Academic Senate for California Community Colleges (ASCCC) to assist local academic senates in developing or updating policies in these areas. After an introduction to the objectives of this report, sections of Article 2 of the California…

A study examined the length and characteristics of women's lifetime work experience. The principal data source for the survey was a set of detailed work, educational, marital, and fertility histories that were collected in the fall of 1979 from 314 couples in the Detroit metropolitan area. While prior researchers had relied upon measures of the…

A study investigated the relationship of adolescent work status to personal values associated with work, social skills, and academic performance. The Work Values Inventory and the Basic Living Skills Pupil Record Form were administered to 165 eleventh and twelfth grade students. These students were subsequently classified as being naturally…

A study examined international differences in how immigrants perform in the labor market of their chosen country of residence. The empirical analysis used five census data sets from the three host countries to document the labor market performance of foreign-born persons in Australia, Canada, and the United States. Among the major empirical…

Data from managers were used to compare a perceptually based measure of career plateau with the traditional measure based on job tenure. Subjects were 1,253 alumni from 10 graduation classes who received baccalaureate degrees between the years 1952 and 1985 from a large public university in the Midwest. On a questionnaire, perceptions of a career…

Underachievers (N = 649) were defined to be those in a sample of 6,729 high school students whose grades were in the lowest 15 percent relative to what one would predict on the basis of standardized tests of mental performance. They were compared on demographic and personal-social variables during high school and educational and occupational…

This publication reports findings from the 1980 Census and from Current Population Survey studies conducted in 1981 and 1982 by the United States Bureau of the Census regarding characteristics of the 12,320,000 noninstitutionalized disabled Americans between 16 and 64 years of age. Tables, figures, and text provide information on age distribution,…