Witnesses offered testimony bearing on budget issues and the reauthorization of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Programs; the Special Supplemental Summer Food Program; the State Administrative Expense Program; the Commodity Distribution Program; and the Nutrition Education and Training Program. Testimony concerning permanently authorized…

Discussed are limitations of studies focused on group data and some alternative conventions that might be used in reporting data so that it accurately represents individual subjects' patterns of language development. Evidence is presented from (1) a study of mothers' attempts to elicit verbal behavior from their normally developing or moderately…

Some 1000 questions in education journals were analyzed for aspects of usage and content, linguistic structure, cognitive process, and logical operation. Only half of the studies examined were found to use questions, and only a third of the questions addressed teaching and learning, curriculum and milieu. The great majority of questions entailed a…

Most often music radio stations use tip sheets and charts in selecting and scheduling music. To overcome the disadvantages of these methods, some radio stations have begun to use music call-out research. Data are obtained through theatre studies, shopping mall intercepts, mail surveys, telephone surveys, or through a combination of these…

Three topics within the domain of regression-based analyses of multilevel data from quasi-experiments and field studies in educational research and evaluation are presented. The paper begins with a discussion of the general question of choice of unit of analysis, or what may be the more appropriate question of choice of analytical model. It then…

The exponential increase in the availability of microcomputers will have a tremendous impact on educational research. Already, the microcomputer has provided the key to the solution of some previously overwhelming methodological problems. It has enabled investigators to conduct exciting new lines of research while creating more general…

This study identifies major problems and concerns encountered when attempting to apply the multifaceted classification model developed by Campbell and others (1981) called "Patterns of Participation," which describes the multiple ways that secondary students participate in vocational education and how their courses are classified. It…

A study was conducted to clarify some of the ambiguous findings reported in the media dependency literature. Specifically, it sought to establish whether relationships between use of the media and surveillance gratifications obtained from that use were affected by an individual's medium of primary reliance or whether these relationships might be…

Throughout most of the 1970s, the two major competing syndicated services measuring consumer magazine audiences utilized different methodologies in gathering magazine audience measurements and released somewhat differing figures. A study was conducted to explore the historical developments of W.R. Simmons and Associates Research, Inc. (Simmons),…

In the educational research literature alpha, the a priori level of significance, and p, the a posteriori probability of obtaining a test statistic of at least a certain value when the null hypothesis is true, are often confused. Explanations for this confusion are offered. Paradoxically, alpha retains a prominent place in textbook discussions of…

This digest discusses demographic, technological and other factors influencing adult career development and describes new career services, assessment instruments, and interventions for adults. Problems with research in the area of adult career development are noted. (MCF)

This paper presents a historical overview of the use of action research in education and describes the basic assumptions and expectations that continue to characterize collaborative research projects today. Action research was initiated in the 1930's by Kurt Lewin and adapted by educators in the 1940's. Interest in action research declined between…

In almost all applications of measurement there is some sort of response by a human subject. Almost always, the response scale is ordinal, but almost always it is treated as if it were an interval measure. Methods for treating data ordinally are currently being developed in three areas: ordinal analysis for questionnaire responses, ordinal…

Elementary school children made same-different judgments of prototypes of letterlike forms paired with transforms of these prototypes generated on a dimension either critical or noncritical for object identification. Results challenge the view that dimensions irrelevant in object identification are ignored or not detected in graphic…

This paper discusses the special problems of research in desiging for user groups with various functional limitations, such as the elderly, the mentally ill, and the economically deprived. (Author)