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Sutton, Jennifer E.; Twyman, Alexandra D.; Joanisse, Marc F.; Newcombe, Nora S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
The geometry formed by the walls of a room is known to be a potent cue in reorientation, yet little is known about the use of geometric information gleaned from other contexts. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine neural activity in adults while reorienting in 3 different environments: the typical rectangular walled room, a…
Descriptors: Structural Elements (Construction), Evidence, Neurology, Geometric Concepts
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Van der Haegen, Lise; Cai, Qing; Brysbaert, Marc – Brain and Language, 2012
Language production has been found to be lateralized in the left hemisphere (LH) for 95% of right-handed people and about 75% of left-handers. The prevalence of atypical right hemispheric (RH) or bilateral lateralization for reading and colateralization of production with word reading laterality has never been tested in a large sample. In this…
Descriptors: Evidence, Word Recognition, Phonology, Handedness
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Hasko, Sandra; Bruder, Jennifer; Bartling, Jurgen; Schulte-Korne, Gerd – Neuropsychologia, 2012
In transparent orthographies, like German, children with developmental dyslexia (DD) are mainly characterized by a reading fluency deficit. The reading fluency deficit might be traced back to a scarce integration of orthographic and phonological representations. In order to address this question, the present study used EEG to investigate the N300,…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Reading Fluency, Dyslexia
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Misra, Maya; Guo, Taomei; Bobb, Susan C.; Kroll, Judith F. – Journal of Memory and Language, 2012
Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures are reported for a study in which relatively proficient Chinese-English bilinguals named identical pictures in each of their two languages. Production occurred only in Chinese (the first language, L1) or only in English (the second language, L2) in a given block with the order counterbalanced…
Descriptors: Priming, Evidence, Inhibition, Cognitive Processes
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Goslin, Jeremy; Duffy, Hester; Floccia, Caroline – Brain and Language, 2012
This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine whether we employ the same normalisation mechanisms when processing words spoken with a regional accent or foreign accent. Our results showed that the Phonological Mapping Negativity (PMN) following the onset of the final word of sentences spoken with an unfamiliar regional accent was…
Descriptors: Sentences, Pronunciation, Word Recognition, Second Language Learning
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Zaki, Maha S.; Saleem, Sahar N.; Dobyns, William B.; Barkovich, A. James; Bartsch, Hauke; Dale, Anders M.; Ashtari, Manzar; Akizu, Naiara; Gleeson, Joseph G.; Grijalvo-Perez, Ana Maria – Brain, 2012
We describe six cases from three unrelated consanguineous Egyptian families with a novel characteristic brain malformation at the level of the diencephalic-mesencephalic junction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a dysplasia of the diencephalic-mesencephalic junction with a characteristic "butterfly"-like contour of the…
Descriptors: Seizures, Brain, Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Cooper, Jeffrey C.; Dunne, Simon; Furey, Teresa; O'Doherty, John P. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2012
The dorsal striatum plays a key role in the learning and expression of instrumental reward associations that are acquired through direct experience. However, not all learning about instrumental actions require direct experience. Instead, humans and other animals are also capable of acquiring instrumental actions by observing the experiences of…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning, Prediction
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Rahko, Jukka S.; Paakki, Jyri-Johan; Starck, Tuomo H.; Nikkinen, Juha; Pauls, David L.; Katsyri, Jari V.; Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira M.; Carter, Alice S.; Hurtig, Tuula M.; Mattila, Marja-Leena; Jussila, Katja K.; Remes, Jukka J.; Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna A.; Sams, Mikko E.; Bolte, Sven; Ebeling, Hanna E.; Moilanen, Irma K.; Tervonen, Osmo; Kiviniemi, Vesa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
FMRI was performed with the dynamic facial expressions fear and happiness. This was done to detect differences in valence processing between 25 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 27 typically developing controls. Valence scaling was abnormal in ASDs. Positive valence induces lower deactivation and abnormally strong activity in ASD…
Descriptors: Autism, Scaling, Diagnostic Tests, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Ptak, Radek; Di Pietro, Marie; Schnider, Armin – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Neglect dyslexia--a peripheral reading disorder generally associated with left spatial neglect--is characterized by omissions or substitutions of the initial letters of words. Several observations suggest that neglect dyslexia errors are independent of viewer-centered coordinates; the disorder is therefore thought to reflect impairment at the…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Dyslexia, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Correlation
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Cole, Claire; Zapp, Daniel J.; Nelson, S. Katherine; Perez-Edgar, Koraly – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Socially withdrawn individuals display solitary behavior across wide contexts with both unfamiliar and familiar peers. This tendency to withdraw may be driven by either past or anticipated negative social encounters. In addition, socially withdrawn individuals often exhibit right frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry at baseline and when…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Cues, Young Adults, Withdrawal (Psychology)
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Moul, Caroline; Killcross, Simon; Dadds, Mark R. – Psychological Review, 2012
This article introduces a novel hypothesis regarding amygdala function in psychopathy. The first part of this article introduces the concept of psychopathy and describes the main cognitive and affective impairments demonstrated by this population; that is, a deficit in fear-recognition, lower conditioned fear responses and poor performance in…
Descriptors: Fear, Comparative Analysis, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Psychopathology
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Astill, Rebecca G.; Van der Heijden, Kristiaan B.; Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Van Someren, Eus J. W. – Psychological Bulletin, 2012
Clear associations of sleep, cognitive performance, and behavioral problems have been demonstrated in meta-analyses of studies in adults. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically summarize all relevant studies reporting on sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in healthy school-age children (5-12 years old) and incorporates 86 studies…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Children, Meta Analysis, Sleep
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Poppenk, Jordan; Norman, Kenneth A. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Recent cognitive research has revealed better source memory performance for familiar relative to novel stimuli. Here we consider two possible explanations for this finding. The source memory advantage for familiar stimuli could arise because stimulus novelty induces attention to stimulus features at the expense of contextual processing, resulting…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Proverbs, Stimuli, Probability
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Babcock, Laura; Stowe, John C.; Maloof, Christopher J.; Brovetto, Claudia; Ullman, Michael T. – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2012
It remains unclear whether adult-learned second language (L2) depends on similar or different neurocognitive mechanisms as those involved in first language (L1). We examined whether English past tense forms are computed similarly or differently by L1 and L2 English speakers, and what factors might affect this: regularity (regular vs. irregular…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Age, Second Language Learning, Adults
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Rutherford, Barbara J.; Mathesius, Jeffrey R. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Difference between the brain's hemispheres in efficiency of intentional search of the mental lexicon with phonological, orthographic, and semantic strategies was investigated. Letter strings for lexical decision were presented at fixation, with a lateralized distractor to the LVF or RVF. Word results revealed that both hemispheres were capable of…
Descriptors: Evidence, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Phonology, Semantics
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