The role of environmental stimuli in the control of cigarette smoking has been the object of theoretical speculation, but there have been few experimental demonstrations of the control exerted over smoking by environmental events. Self-report data on smoking in the natural environment were compared to observations made of smoking among subjects…

Results confirm that poetry is produced at a younger age than prose, that achieved imminence and life span are positive determinants of the modal productive age, and that these relationships are cross culturally and trans-historically invariant. (Author/AM)

The results obtained by researchers interested in the speech-time relationship indicate that the sequential organization through time of speech sounds necessary for communication requires a universal "grammar" consisting of vowel and consonant sequences and an awareness of the duration experienced in that process, as well as the memory…

There have been few studies comparing personal future perspectives across wide sectors of the life span and none comparing societal future perspectives. Age groups, each consisting of 41 women and 10 men who were elderly (over 60), in middle adulthood (26-45), or adolescence (14-16) were asked to list events they expected to happen in their future…

Forty-five children drawn equally from nursery school, kindergarten, and first grade were administered a nonverbal imitation task, a production task, a comprehension task, and a verbal imitation task. The results of the four tasks support the Temporal Complexity Hypothesis, which states that the components of temporality--order among events (O),…

A simulated micro-society simulation/game was applied as an experimental treatment to compare the impact of high and low rate of change social environments upon individual's time perspectives. Subjects were 187 university undergraduate and graduate students who completed the covariate "Social Readjustment Rating Scale" and then were randomly…

This research attempted to identify differences, or lack of them, in time orientation of Caucasian, Black and Chicano young male first offenders at various periods of imprisonment; beginning, middle, and end. The instrument that was chosen to measure time orientation was a combination of two questionnaires--the Time Competence scale of the…

The temporal context within which a teacher and course evaluation (TCE) is completed did not appear to be of crucial importance in affecting TCE responses. A sample of students was asked to evaluate, initially as freshmen and retrospectively as seniors, a specific teacher and course. Additional data on the student's academic status characteristics…

The authors discuss several studies all of which demonstrate that duration of self-disclosure is a reliable component of the interpersonal process. They review other aspects of self-disclosure including that: (1) the act of revealing is not rewarding per se but can lead to rewards depending on the interpersonal nature of the situation; (2)…

Using an event-listing approach, this study examined the personal and societal future orientations of 15-year-old adolescents in Singapore and Sydney. Three aspects were examined: content, affect, and time span. (Author/JAZ)

Investigation of two- to four-year-olds' (N=20) understanding of temporal terms indicated that children were more likely to understand sentences using simple tasks, materials, and commands than more complicated sentences used in previous research. (Author/CB)

Examined future time perspective and its association with change in food habits among elderly persons (N=805). Findings suggest that the elderly change food habits and that there is an association of positive or negative food habit changes with a positive or negative future time perspective. (Author/NB)

Examines whether vocal exchanges between preverbal infants and their mothers show characteristics similar to those found to be typical of conversational exchanges between competent adult speakers. (HOD)

Describes three basic approaches to needs assessment--problem identification, problem analysis, and problem verification--and assesses them in terms of their potential utility to users in business and educational settings as measured by their estimated time requirement, accuracy, and cost. Needs assessment data collection resources and techniques…

Describes what is meant by "sociological imagination," the ability to see how troubles in private lives and social trends are connected. Shows how freshmen college students learn this by writing an essay which connects the events shown on a personal and societal 50-year time line. Provides examples and teaching suggestions. (JDH)