This article builds on an earlier discussion of the importance of the Type II error (beta) and power to the hypothesis testing process (CE 511 484), and illustrates the methods by which sample size calculations should be employed so as to improve the research process. (Author/CT)

Indices of relative and absolute congruence are discussed, with particular emphasis on the applicability of the simple percentage of agreement. (Author/BW)

Discusses conceptual and methodological problems surrounding research on Italian women's roles. Presents case studies of women who do not fit into the stereotypes used to describe Italian women and to demonstrate research uses of source materials. (Author/MK)

Monte Carlo validation studies of clustering algorithms, including Ward's minimum variance hierarchical method, are reviewed. Caution concerning the uncritical selection of Ward's method for recovering cluster structure is advised. Alternative explanations for differential recovery performance are explored and recommendations are made for future…

The author discusses the phenomenon of incubation in creative problem solving, distinguishes it from "creative worrying" and "tip of the tongue" experiences, and reviews research to indicate a lack of evidence of incubation's existence in well-controlled studies. Note: For related information, see EC 120 232-238. (CL)

Argues that the item of first priority in general semantics research is to come up with a coherent framework for the overall organization of general semantics studies, and offers a few thoughts on beginning the search for a solution to this problem. (GT)

Criticizes the methodology used in the preparation of the report of the National Enquiry into Scholarly Publishing. Argues that small presses were underrepresented on the Enquiry staff and that several important factors were ignored during the course of the research. Challenges the Enquiry's findings and recommendations. (JP)

Discusses a subdiscipline of history, Quantitative Social Scientific History (QUASSH), which encompasses economic, political, and social histories. Suggests that devotees of this subdiscipline neglect mainstream historical skills and the work of other historians to the detriment of their own work. (Author/KC)

Both the directions and the directions plus reinforcement groups increased subjects' time on the task during the experimental phases. When extrinsic reinforcement and directions were removed, they maintained intrinsically motivated behaviors at levels significantly above levels observed during the baseline phase and significantly higher than the…

Using procedures designed to overcome methodological weaknesses of earlier research on the valence theory, the reinforcing strength of an experimenter's approval comment "good" was examined as a function of positive or negative contact with the experimenter prior to a criterion task. (Author/DB)

Argues that the empirical evidence upon which Bowles and Gintis's correspondence theory relies is weak. Suggests empirical and interpretive extensions and revisions of Bowles and Gintis's approach. (Author/MP)

A variety of methodological and statistical problems in the Roffe and Bryant study of the McCarthy Scales' profile reliability are pointed out. Alternative procedures and more efficacious use of the Roffe and Bryant data are suggested. (Author)

Sixteen indices of interobserver agreement and six methods for estimating coefficients of interobserver reliability were critiqued. (Author)

Distinguishes between two types of explanation of epigenesis, predetermined and probabilistic, and proposes that the second type is more scientifically useful. (SS)

Describes several "inaccurate" statements made in L. Thomas' and T. Levine's article in this journal (volume 21, page 103) regarding the current author's research and positions on the listening construct. Suggests that Thomas' and Levine's model has serious methodological flaws. (RS)