A total of 114 infants at three age levels (11, 18, and 28 weeks) were rated by their mothers on a termperament questionnaire and subjected to a habituation procedure. Results suggest that subject loss in habituation studies may be the result of nonrandom individual difference factors and not just the result of temporary fluctuations in state.…

Presents a review and critique of recent research on the rate of Jewish alcoholism. Concludes that alcoholism is probably still relatively rare among Jews. Predictions of future Jewish drinking practices and implications for further research are discussed. (Author/BL)

Recent experiments have provided more grounds for optimism regarding the development of effective forms of direct social work practice. This review updates the field concerning experiments that have been conducted subsequent to prior reviews. Twelve research studies published between July 1, 1978, and June 30, 1983, are examined. (Author)

Data from a parent training outcome study demonstrated three types of subject reactivity noted by observers while collecting naturalistic observation data in family homes. Suggestions are made for future research, including the systematic collection of reactivity data during the course of observations and the examination of covariations between…

Issues related to the selection of assessment procedures, the scaling of assessment devices, the computation of difference or change scores, and the translation of these scores into common indexes of outcome are explored. Suggestions are provided for refining the measurement of inferred states. (Author/BL)

Describes problems in implementing placebo controls in psychotherapy including the difficulty of ensuring that therapists and their patients will view both the experimental and placebo treatments as comparably credible. Considers six research issues stemming from the definitional requirement that the placebo control for the critical and specific…

A major problem of research into religion is whether religion is uni- or multi-dimensional; a model maintaining the advantages of both approaches is suggested with general religiousness as a broad construct (higher order factor) that is subdivided into a set of more specific factors. (CMG)

The paper reviews and critiques literature on adjustment stages presumably experienced by parents of children with mental retardation. Questions are raised regarding the methodological and practical issues of stages of research and the derivation of the stages themselves. An alternative approach to the study of parental adjustment is discussed.…

Studies of the prevalence of behavior problems among deaf students are reviewed. Conflicting findings are noted, but deaf populations are seen to evidence socially inappropriate and impulisve behavior and poor psychological adjustment. (CL)

Summarizes several studies of a goodness of fit model of psychosocial functioning. This model proposes that better psychosocial functioning will take place when a person's temperament is in accord with environmental demands. The studies done to date provide some support for the model. (Author/CI)

The article provides guidelines for readers who must read research articles but lack formal training in research and statistics. While discussing the purpose and content of each section of a research article (such as review of the literature, materials and procedures, and results) the author uses actual articles to illustrate her points.…

Author responds to critique by Daniel Griffiths (Educational Administration Quarterly v. 19, p. 201-21) by defending his work in three areas: derivation of hypotheses, testing of hypotheses, and erroneous attribution of assumptions. (JW)

The article reviews methodological problems in research using single-case experimental designs, including use of pre- and quasi-experimental single-case designs, presentation and analysis of data, lack of inadequate demonstration of experimental reliability, and improper or ineffective use of generalization. The authors suggest solutions and…

An attempt is made to show that the use of analysis of covariance and other techniques to control nuisance variables in nonexperimental educational research may present more problems than is commonly acknowledged. (JC)

How might human intelligence evolve over the next 100 years? This issue paper explores that idea. First, the paper summarizes five emerging perspectives about human intelligence: Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Ellen Langer's mindfulness theory, David Perkins' learnable…