Clarifies several issues in response to recent criticisms of habituation and related novelty-preference techniques used in studies of infant memory. (RH)

Identifies conceptual problems in using political efficacy attitudes as indicators of socialization into political systems. Suggests that difficulties arise from the multidimensionality of the efficacy concept and from researchers' inability to distinguish efficacy from related constructs in political socialization literature. Proposes approaches…

The article reviews and interprets some of the literature that has investigated the relationships between refractive status and reading and between binocular status and reading. The characterization of the visual process is pointed out as a major research problem. (Author)

Velicer (1978) defines suppression situations in terms of the relations between part correlation and zero order validity. Conger (1974) defines suppressor in terms of regression weights. The present work clarifies the difference between the two approaches: Velicer's suppressor circumscribes only a subset of the suppression situations as defined by…

Explores the problems of research on the effects of illustrations in text and other teaching materials. Several research frameworks are described, and a functional approach is suggested as a method of improvement. (BK)

Contrary to the deterministic nature of the adipocyte- number hypothesis, correlations between adiposity data recorded during infancy and data recorded during the school- age period or later are very low. There is no convincing evidence the obese infant has more than a slight tendency to become an obese adult. (Author/MP)

Clarifies intentions and basis of remarks made in Macfarlane (1963) concerning the relationship of early character structure to later character structure and life outcomes. (Author/RH)

States M.L. Mares presents evidence that source confusions play a role in the cultivation effect. Clarifies some of Mares' findings that have implications for the heuristic model of cultivation effects and shows that Mares' findings are compatible with and can be integrated into the heuristic processing model. Discusses implications of Mares'…

Considers the use of instrumental variables to estimate effects of treatments on treated and randomly selected groups. Concludes that instrumental variable methods are extremely sensitive to assumptions about how people process information. (SK)

Notes that psychotherapy process research has produced advances in measure development and substantive findings of process-outcome relations. Describes paradigm shift toward sequentially patterned, significant change episodes, emphasizing segmentation of process by meaningful patterns wherever they occur. Reviews theoretical, psychometric, and…

Discusses problems and issues of psychotherapy process research. Notes complexity of research that attempts to combine process and outcome adequately. Suggests that more than one therapeutic orientation be studied in specific project to include some type of control. Cautions that, although statistically significant correlations between process and…

Describes methodological problems associated with present research examining the use of interpretation in time-limited individual therapy. Offers recommendations on making research on interpretation more methodologically rigorous and relevant. (Author/CM)

Critiques Bohannon and Stanowicz's (1988) conclusion that natural languages can be learned and that there is no need to postulate innate knowledge. Argues that Bohannon and Stanowicz's results disclose nothing about learnability or innateness. (RH)

Questions traditional approach to validating employment interview. Notes that individuals are likely to differ in ability to accurately predict employee behavior and that interviewers often differ in their constant tendency to make favorable or unfavorable ratings. Researchers, by failing to consider these tendencies, may inappropriately collapse…