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Peer reviewed
Direct linkTing Ye; Ted Westling; Lindsay Page; Luke Keele – Grantee Submission, 2024
The clustered observational study (COS) design is the observational study counterpart to the clustered randomized trial. In a COS, a treatment is assigned to intact groups, and all units within the group are exposed to the treatment. However, the treatment is non-randomly assigned. COSs are common in both education and health services research. In…
Descriptors: Nonparametric Statistics, Identification, Causal Models, Multivariate Analysis
Yuejin Zhou; Wenwu Wang; Tao Hu; Tiejun Tong; Zhonghua Liu – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2024
Causal mediation analysis is a popular approach for investigating whether the effect of an exposure on an outcome is through a mediator to better understand the underlying causal mechanism. In recent literature, mediation analysis with multiple mediators has been proposed for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. In contrast, methods for mediation…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Causal Models, Evaluation Methods, Vignettes
Download full textKim, Yongnam; Steiner, Peter M. – Sociological Methods & Research, 2021
For misguided reasons, social scientists have long been reluctant to use gain scores for estimating causal effects. This article develops graphical models and graph-based arguments to show that gain score methods are a viable strategy for identifying causal treatment effects in observational studies. The proposed graphical models reveal that gain…
Descriptors: Scores, Graphs, Causal Models, Statistical Bias
Irene Campos-Sánchez; Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz; Dries S. Martens; Isolina Riaño-Galán; Aitana Lertxundi; Sabrina Llop; Mónica Guxens; Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli; Nerea Lertxundi; Raquel Soler-Blasco; Martine Vrijheid; Tim S. Nawrot; John Wright; Tiffany C. Yang; Rosie McEachan; Kristine Bjerve Gützkow; Vaia Lida Chatzi; Marina Vafeiadi; Mariza Kampouri; Regina Grazuleviciene; Sandra Andrusaityte; Johanna Lepeule; Desirée Valera-Gran – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2025
Objective: To explore the association between telomere length (TL) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children at 6-12 years. Method: Data from 1,759 children belonging to the HELIX project cohorts and the Asturias, Gipuzkoa and Valencia cohorts of INMA project were included. TL was determined by blood sample using a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Genetic Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mothers
Olivia D. Perrin; Jinhyo Cho; Edward T. Cokely; Jinan N. Allan; Adam Feltz; Rocio Garcia-Retamero – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025
Numerate people tend to make more informed judgments and decisions because they are more risk literate (i.e., better able to evaluate and understand risk). Do numeracy skills also help people understand regular science reporting from mainstream news sources? To address this question, we investigated responses to regular science reports (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Numeracy, Critical Thinking, Evaluative Thinking, Bias
Yuan Liang; Ting Ji; Shuying Zhou; Xiaolin Liu; Hao Yan – British Educational Research Journal, 2025
Constructing personalised and effective online language learning models based on individual personality differences is crucial in the field of education. However, there is little research on how to apply these models to students in science and engineering who have varying personality profiles. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Online…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Language Acquisition, Second Language Learning, College Students
Jogy George; N. R. Suresh Babu – European Journal of Education, 2025
Imitated misbehaviours as a prevalent form of interaction between children often disrupt their classroom experiences. Teachers, being the authority figure in the classroom, are expected to manage imitated misbehaviours and create a classroom climate that can positively influence the children. In line with this, this study analyses the conceptions…
Descriptors: Imitation, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems, Elementary School Students
Juan Camilo Cristancho; Drew H. Bailey; Siling Guo; Dana Charles McCoy – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2025
Background/Context: Children and adolescents worldwide are often exposed to community violence, including homicides, assaults, and gang-related activities. Such exposure can disrupt developmental processes, heightening stress responses that impair self-regulation, emotional stability, and cognitive function. Previous meta-analyses have documented…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Violence, Children, Adolescents
Kearney, Christopher A.; Childs, Joshua – Improving Schools, 2023
School attendance and absenteeism are critical targets of educational policies and practices that often depend heavily on aggregated attendance/absenteeism data. School attendance/absenteeism data in aggregated form, in addition to having suspect quality and utility, minimizes individual student variation, distorts detailed and multilevel…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Attendance, Educational Policy, Causal Models
Kitto, Kirsty; Hicks, Ben; Shum, Simon Buckingham – British Journal of Educational Technology, 2023
An extraordinary amount of data is becoming available in educational settings, collected from a wide range of Educational Technology tools and services. This creates opportunities for using methods from Artificial Intelligence and Learning Analytics (LA) to improve learning and the environments in which it occurs. And yet, analytics results…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Learning Analytics, Educational Theories, Artificial Intelligence
Rüttenauer, Tobias; Ludwig, Volker – Sociological Methods & Research, 2023
Fixed effects (FE) panel models have been used extensively in the past, as those models control for all stable heterogeneity between units. Still, the conventional FE estimator relies on the assumption of parallel trends between treated and untreated groups. It returns biased results in the presence of heterogeneous slopes or growth curves that…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Monte Carlo Methods, Statistical Bias, Computation
Thomas Cook; Mansi Wadhwa; Jingwen Zheng – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2023
Context: A perennial problem in applied statistics is the inability to justify strong claims about cause-and-effect relationships without full knowledge of the mechanism determining selection into treatment. Few research designs other than the well-implemented random assignment study meet this requirement. Researchers have proposed partial…
Descriptors: Observation, Research Design, Causal Models, Computation
Jamie Amemiya; Gail D. Heyman; Caren M. Walker – Cognitive Science, 2024
How do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what "actually" happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined),…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Evaluative Thinking, Logical Thinking, Social Problems
Agustina Ammaturo; Jazmín Cevasco – Reading Psychology, 2024
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the causal connectivity of the statements ("low-medium-high"), elaboration question condition ("focused on the identification of main ideas-focused on the identification of speakers' emotions") and the modality of presentation of discourse ("oral-written") in the…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, Causal Models, Questioning Techniques, Comprehension
Travis K. Taylor; Rik Chakraborti; Niall Mahaney – Innovative Higher Education, 2024
This paper analyzes the impact of college athletic reclassification for educational institutions in the United States. Most of America's colleges and universities offer athletic opportunities for their students under NCAA governance. The level of competition and associated resource requirements range from relatively low (Division 3) to high…
Descriptors: College Athletics, Competition, Small Colleges, School Size
