The purpose of this manual is to describe critical techniques and components that should be considered in a comprehensive program planning and evaluation system. It contains a general introductory section followed by sections on performance objectives, general assessment techniques, assessment techniques in the affective domain, process…

The basic concepts, practices, and considerations in assessment are outlined in order to provide the reader with a beginning knowledge of assessment techniques and procedures. Discussion includes the goals of assessment, types of tests, criteria for instrument selection, test construction, data collection procedures, and statistical analysis of…

It is a difficult task to arrange a learning environment permitting each student to pursue, at all times, the types of activities that most appropriately meet his needs. The concept of individualized performance-based instruction is an attempt to realistically approach this task by diagnosing students' needs and interests related to desired…

An exportable curriculum supervision system was developed to help supervisors and teachers accomplish three primary functions: to establish class performance expectations, both in terms of pupil achievement and rate of program completion; to monitor actual class performance on a regular, efficient, and systematic basis; and to use suggested…

This paper is an assessment of research needs that attempts (1) to identify areas of current needs in early childhood education, (2) to determine which of the areas would be most appropriate for the research and development of educational materials, and (3) to propose solution strategies for those areas identified. Data sources included responses…

Accountability has at times seemed more a harbinger of conflict than a vehicle for improved student learning. While some argue that federal accountability measures have been only superficially utilized in many instances, federal mandates have probably done more to sensitize educators to accountability than any other stimulus. Different states have…

Instruments and questionnaires developed for gathering data on students and the schools they attend should be assessed. This was done for those instruments and questionnaires used in the reading assessment of the first year of the Minnesota Educational Assessment Program. General findings are: (1) Student socioeconomic status is strongly…

An essential task for the 1973-74 project was to expand and refine the totally integrated career education curriculum, K-12, in the Bowling Green, Kentucky school system. Called Project PEOPLE, it provided a teaching strategy that was student and teacher-oriented, with emphasis given to the development of self-awareness and exploration activities.…

This report contains the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Program and Cost Effectiveness to the California State Board of Education. The committee was established by the California legislature for the purpose of developing a methodology for evaluating the cost effectiveness of various Federal and State educational projects. The report…

This commissioned paper examines the National Assessment for Educational Progress model for citizenship and suggests an alternative model oriented more directly to educational and political goals. In the current model performances on the citizenship exercises can only be interpreted by the population characteristics of age, sex, parental…

This research plan is a direct response to the education Amendments of 1974 which instructs the National Institute of Education to design and conduct a compensatory education study. The research design, as outlined in this report, intends to examine programs and look for identifiable factors in funding, organization, and instructional methods…

The work presented in this monograph is the author's own attempt to piece together a representative review of the literature on educational accountability; this attempt admittedly overlooks many works, does not always offer "the best" works (simply representative ones), and is patterned after the author's own observations of what is…

This paper presents a model of an interactive mode for instructional research and development that might yield both curriculum products and scientific knowledge concerning learning and instruction. Curriculum development is discussed as an applied science and as an art, using specific research and development efforts conducted at the Learning…

This booklet discusses approaches and procedures for implementing a program planning and budgeting system (PPBS) in a school district. Focus of the discussion is strictly on implementation procedures; no effort is made to describe the background of the basic concepts of PPBS. The author refers frequently to his involvement and experiences in a…

Project HEED's (Heed Ethnic Education Deplorization) main emphasis in 1974-75 was to develop reading and cultural awareness skills for kindergarten through 4th grades in the 7 project schools on American Indian reservations in Arizona. In its 4th year of operation, the project (funded under Elementary and Secondary Education Title III) involved…