A survey of coordinators of tutoring in English for speakers of other languages in New Zealand revealed some advantages to the switch to direct government funding (improved standards, accountability). Disadvantages included the possibility of changing the culture to suit funding requirements and endangering the focus on learner needs. (SK)

Aboriginal literacy encompasses oral tradition, culture, language, identity, and world view in addition to the written word, and is a process of lifelong learning, much of which occurs beyond school walls. When defining Native literacy, one must move away from measuring Aboriginal students by Euro-Western definitions and move toward a balanced,…

Opposition to ongoing theft and degradation of their land has unified the Secwepemc community, bringing together elders and youth in both direct-action resistance and a cultural rebirth. Elders not only lead and support resistance to corporate encroachment of their lands that violates treaty rights, but also teach Native youth the Secwepemc…

A study examined how government agencies, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and community organizations in Latin America cooperate in development activities. A model outlines each sector's functions in service delivery, human resource development and training, resource mobilization, research, and public education; the stages of…

The Baiga of central India are known for their extensive knowledge of the forest and healing. Healing knowledge is transmitted orally from male expert practitioners to novices. Features of this instruction, which is experiential and geared to the apprentice's levels of interest and ability, raise questions about the feasibility of including…

Native Americans must stop giving allegiance and attention to this other way (the Christian, westernized way) that has destroyed them. Native Americans have to reach their people in such a way that their traditional life is the first thing. They have to learn their traditional teachings well enough so that when they pass them on, their children…

The spider's web is presented as a model for Indigenous education and community transformation, grounded in Okanagan philosophy. Children are at the center and benefit from the influence of extended family and community. The model's relevance for language revitalization, cultural maintenance, and educational planning and assessment is discussed.…

Sources of current misuse of standardized tests in assessing the quality of home-based educational programs are identified. Development of new instruments and cooperation of concerned groups are suggested as a means of increasing educational alternatives, excellence, and accountability. (Author/TJH)

Native American storytelling contributes to maintenance of Native cultures; development of individual identities rooted in awareness of family, community, heritage, and land; and the flourishing of contemporary Native American fiction. Today, stories are transmitted by oral tradition and the writer's craft. Includes author's recollections of…

In focus group interviews, 14 Pennsylvania Crop Management Association technicians identified their primary role as information providers and consultants, felt the need for better communication skills and training as nonformal adult educators, considered human resources the most valuable information sources, and believed farmers participated only…

Portrays daily life in a pre-Columbian Mohawk village. Discusses women's central role in society and politics, the Iroquois clan network, governance, war and "adoption" of captives, longhouses, story telling, child rearing and education, the legend of the Peacemaker, and the importance of balance in all things. Contains photographs and…

Two books by and about American Indians demonstrate the positive impact of warm and caring relationships between elders and youth. Elders in these stories convey to children important lessons about life, death, traditions, heritage, and family; positively affect the identity development and emotional maturity of the adolescent protagonists; and…

Traces the history of nonformal education in Latin America since the 1920s, highlighting community-based programs, literacy education, vocational training, extension education, popular education, community schooling, and female-dominated social movements. Suggests citizenship education, the needs of indigenous populations, and urban youth…

Describes a Lakota family tradition of passing on the responsibilities of being caretaker of the drum of the Fool Soldiers (Akicita Heyoka), warriors who risked their lives for peace in 1862. The drum and its ceremonial use symbolize nonviolence and cross-cultural understanding between the races and are a part of Lakota spiritual heritage. (SAS)

Describes the role of playworkers, nonformal educators who facilitate children's opportunities for unstructured and structured play experiences in a variety of settings. Identifies six issues confronting society today and indicates how playworkers can help address each: increased urbanization, inappropriate play objects, lack of physical play,…