Discussed is the potential contribution to social change made possible by participation in the nonformal programs of national youth organizations. The participants in one such youth organization (Costa Rican National Youth Movement) are studied. (KC)

Analyzes policies in the Philippines pertaining to the urban and rural poor, describes programs and projects for the education and training of the urban disadvantaged, and recommends future actions. (SK)

To what extent is it possible to produce materials centrally that meet the nonformal learning needs of distant communities, and how might local community groups use them? Experiences in Great Britain, Canada, Colombia, and rural education programs worldwide provide some insight. (Author/MSE)

The author discusses factors inhibiting adult literacy in India, stating that institutional schooling has provided education for only a small percentage of the population. As an adult literacy curriculum depends on community needs, he suggests a core or minimum curriculum for adult basic education in the community. (MF)

Following a brief description of the economic background of Venezuela, this article focuses on the National Institute of Cooperative Education (INCE) program which trains farmers and students, ages 14 to 20. Discusses the cooperative agreement between Pennsylvania State University and INCE to provide in-service training for INCE personnel and…

This lecture cites the need for teachers to use all the learning environments available to them, especially the outdoors. Outdoor education can make the educational process full of wonder and excitement; it can also develop humanistic characteristics that permit children to become worthwhile citizens in society. (DS)

The Nigerian Government is attempting to create a national identity and eliminate inefficient indigenous educational practices. The author argues that quick implementation of this plan to regulate indigenous private education and craft apprenticeships could aggravate the employment situation and restrict the ability of localities to meet their own…

Chemistry sets, often a child's first contact with chemistry, are becoming less attractive to manufacturers as the market for these items decreases. There is a tendency for recently manufactured chemistry sets to be less adequate than those selling in the same price range in past years. Manuals vary in quality among manufacturers. (RE)

Identifies the role of family and community in the education of elementary and secondary school students in China. Particular emphasis is placed on family and community involvement with students and teachers. Topics discussed include family-teacher conferences, grandparent responsibilities, parental responsibilities for disciplining students, and…

Provides an overview of nonformal education. Discusses the characteristics of nonformal education as well as its misconceptions, limitations and prospects. (Editor/RK)

Where other articles are primarily concerned with the socializing function of education, here the author argues that education also allocates and legitimizes political and economic participation in society. Suggests that nonformal education, in contradistinction to schools, is not likely to be able to offer a legitimate mobility route to…

A survey of coordinators of tutoring in English for speakers of other languages in New Zealand revealed some advantages to the switch to direct government funding (improved standards, accountability). Disadvantages included the possibility of changing the culture to suit funding requirements and endangering the focus on learner needs. (SK)

Aboriginal literacy encompasses oral tradition, culture, language, identity, and world view in addition to the written word, and is a process of lifelong learning, much of which occurs beyond school walls. When defining Native literacy, one must move away from measuring Aboriginal students by Euro-Western definitions and move toward a balanced,…

Opposition to ongoing theft and degradation of their land has unified the Secwepemc community, bringing together elders and youth in both direct-action resistance and a cultural rebirth. Elders not only lead and support resistance to corporate encroachment of their lands that violates treaty rights, but also teach Native youth the Secwepemc…

A study examined how government agencies, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and community organizations in Latin America cooperate in development activities. A model outlines each sector's functions in service delivery, human resource development and training, resource mobilization, research, and public education; the stages of…