A broad gap exists between research findings on reading and the application of these findings to the classroom. Commonly held beliefs of administrators and teachers that present formidable obstacles to the translation of research findings into action include: (1) many research designs are too complex and difficult to understand; (2) many research…

Translators and interpreters are not currently trained as professionals, but taught a "do-as-I-do" system inherited from the medieval guilds. Most are self-made, having acquired technique and applied it to languages already known. However, there is now enough known about mediated interlingual communication to teach translators and interpreters how…

The United States has established itself, for better or worse, as the single most powerful country in the world. The American school system was not designed to familiarize its students with the language and concepts of ethics they will need as heirs and future leaders of a nation with ever increasing global reach and influence. This article…

The gulf between scholarly applications and rhetorical praxis in the speech classroom is enormous. It seems clear that the theoretical base will never release its stranglehold on the classical paradigm until the agendas of basic course classrooms do so as well. No new paradigm may realistically hope to contest the established tradition until the…

An illustrative rather than an exhaustive bibliography on approaches to rhetorical criticism, this update of an earlier publication lists more than 150 selections. The bibliography is divided into sections on: (1) discussions of the Burkean approach; (2) applications of the Burkean approach; (3) discussions of the fantasy theme approach; (4)…

This report addresses the nature of the knowledge people possess about word meanings, and how this knowledge is acquired and used in reading comprehension. The report outlines a "standard model" of word meanings which equates word meanings with critical features, or necessary and sufficient conditions for serious, literal use of a word.…

This paper examines existing and model curriculums from all disciplines offering public relations courses in terms of the philosophical and theoretical developments relevant to public relations. First, the paper outlines the model curriculum derived from the 1987 study cosponsored by the Public Relations Society of America and the Association of…

The study was designed to provide policymakers, administrators, and practitioners with reliable prevalence estimates of mental retardation, learning disabilities, and other handicapping conditions exhibited by juvenile offenders in order to guide fiscal and programmatic decision making. The research included five steps: (1) a literature search…

An extension of conversations that originally took place at summer institutes devoted to literary theory (sponsored by the National Council of Teachers of English), this book presents diverse critical perspectives on current topics of literature, such as post-structuralism, cultural criticism, reader-response theory, and issues of gender and…

The contributions of instructional design to cognitive science are discussed. It is argued that both sciences have their own object of study, but share a common interest in human cognition and performance as part of instructional systems. From a case study based on experience in teaching introductory computer programming, it is concluded that both…

In response to growing public concern over declining educational quality and discipline problems in today's schools, this paper reviews research on the causes of school disruption and student misbehavior, identifies promising ameliorative strategies, and examines specific research-practitioner collaborations that have successfully reduced school…

It is suspected that educators have many interpretations of developmentally appropriate practice and, therefore, a wide variety of practices exist in classrooms labeled "developmentally appropriate." This study investigated daily practices of 10 full-day public school kindergarten programs identified as "developmentally appropriate" by teachers or…

Properly construed, clinical supervision in education involves a true, collaborative collegiality among teachers in place of the traditional power relationship between teachers and dominant, "expert," administrator-level supervisors. By eliminating the power of the nonteaching supervisor to prescribe procedures for improving teaching,…

Most faculty in communication departments find themselves in one of two "camps": theory or production. Better integration of the two will help to clarify the role communication departments play in the academic community, begin a more fertile and generative relationship among faculty, and establish a centered and coherent curriculum for…

How writers come by, find, or create their sense of purpose and whether readers are at all aware of or affected by this purposeful, sometimes elaborate rhetorical structure the writer labored to construct are questions that have motivated critical discussions of the construction of purpose. Using think-aloud protocols, the construction of purpose…