This commentary criticizes a paper by E. Zigler and others (EC 231 901) which concerned normalization and social role valorization of mentally retarded individuals. The commentary notes the paper's meager reference to the writings of W. Wolfensberger and its failure to properly analyze the "problem" of normalization as a concern with…

Identifies six questions that have been insufficiently explored by instructional communication researchers. Reveals that the limited approach to inquiry has had the effect of privileging existing social and political arrangements. (MG)

To be of value to practitioners, research must be personalized and dictated by the occurrence of events, exploratory, inductive, and grounded in practice. Submodels in which (1) research agendas are suggested independently by theory and by practice or (2) practice leads to research that leads to theory will enable practitioners to engage in…

Questionnaires returned by 92 of 127 British teacher-researchers and interviews with 12 revealed the following: (1) sharing of findings was hindered by the individualistic culture of teaching; (2) teacher-researchers preferred working within the system to effect change; and (3) the values and processes of teacher research can create a more…

Demonstrates the prevalence of the problem of educators consensual, conventional characterization of language. Suggests an alternative, more dynamic way to describe social groups, and shows how this alternative can be used in the writing classroom. (PRA)

Describes "SwampLog," an action-research journal process useful for recording and reflecting upon ongoing experience, exploring and creating innovative approaches to education, and gauging the resultant effects upon organizational, instructional, and individual renewal. (PRA)

Assesses nature of typical dilemmas confronting educational administrators through two-phase study of principals' ethical conflicts. When facing ethical dilemmas, principals tend to weigh competing alternatives against societal norms in determining courses of action. However, principals feel that other administrators are more likely to act in…

Art plays an integral role in civilizing society and its members. Through the visual arts we can directly comment on the human condition and begin to comprehend the complexity of our species and our multicultural and mutlilayered society. This article discusses how the arts' civilizing power can inform the education of all children. (15…

Emphasis on technological precision and methodological sophistication in the field of applied behavior analysis has brought about a deemphasis of theoretical and philosophical concerns. For theoretical development of the field to move ahead, applied behavior analysts must develop the principles needed to describe ways of predicting and controlling…

There should not be an intentional reduction of the technological focus in applied behavior analysis research to expand the theoretical focus. The manner in which applied behavior analysis has beneficially affected the field of developmental disabilities services demonstrates how technologically related research plays a necessary role. (JDD)

Examines the impact of a secondary reading course on two preservice teachers' beliefs about reading instruction and on their actual classroom practices. Finds that, although both students understood central course messages, there was little actual application of these theories in classroom settings. Suggests ideas for change. (SR)

Discusses the rhetorical method of Ludwig Wittgenstein. Argues that it must be extended in some fundamental ways if educators want to apply his model of rhetoric. Suggests that a truly pragmatic rhetoric must bear some similarity to the method of Wittgenstein's later philosophy. (MG)

Considers educational planning as a communication of shared symbols creating intent geared toward change. Elaborates 11 groups of metaphorical images of planning (as circle, recipe, compass, map, puzzle, tree, maze, Ariadne's thread, prediction, art, and spider's web) bridging impression and expression. Relates this metaphorical analysis to…

Presents several open-ended cases which use collaborative learning for business communication courses. Discusses the reasons for developing cases for the construction of data-based analytical reports, and collaborative learning and the use of teams in analytical report construction. (PRA)

Principals should focus curriculum development around specific questions mirroring journalistic who-what-where-why considerations. This means striving to clarify definitions, rationale and philosophy, policy origins, procedures, temporal arrangements, learning sites, and value. For example, schools have multiple curriculum philosophies that…