The spectrum of women-owned businesses ranges from full corporations to microenterprises. Women business owners share many characteristics and motivations of business owners generally; other factors are dissatisfaction with "glass ceiling" limits, desire for job flexibility, and age discrimination. Women entrepreneurs often face barriers…

Changing job market opportunities affect the fields in which males and females choose to earn a graduate degree. This report examines disparities in field choices of the sexes. Highlighted are the following: (1) in 1994 substantially more females than males earned graduate degrees in education and the health professions; males earned a higher…

A practicum was designed to provide a program for a small group of fifth- and sixth-grade Hispanic girls to develop their awareness of nontraditional career options, gender role stereotyping and decision-making skills. This program was offered in an elementary school located in the suburbs of a major southwestern city. Self-esteem, assertiveness,…

The earnings gap is the difference between the percentage ratio of women's earnings to those of men and 100 percent. In 1988, the earnings gap for hourly earnings was 26 percent; for weekly earnings, 30 percent; and for annual earnings, 34 percent. Although the direction over the past decade is toward greater equality, the pace is extremely slow.…

In 1985-86 the "Women in the Technical Curricula" project was developed at Queensborough Community College to encourage more women to choose a technical curriculum and to provide support services to help them successfully complete the curriculum. The project activities were designed to eliminate the stereotype of mathematics and related…

The purpose of a project was to work toward the reduction of sex bias and sex-role stereotyping in vocational education programs in the technical and skill centers in Dade County, Florida. To accomplish this goal, vocational teachers, counselors, and students attended inservice workshops focusing on equity issues. The project provided resources…

The Florida Department of Education (FDE) is developing an educational blueprint for the 1990s with a strong commitment to vocational and adult education. Commitments are being made to implement career education concepts, extend job awareness experiences to the elementary grades, counsel students to ensure early career plans, enhance vocational…

This publication highlights some of the activities that have been successful career exploration experiences for students. The activities are in response to the Ohio Division of Vocational and Career Education's goal of improving sex equity in vocational and technical education programs. Five activities are described: Career Awareness Program…

This publication begins with a list of suggestions for increasing the retention of male and female students pursuing nontraditional occupations. It then highlights five successful Ohio programs for the retention of these students: (1) Overcoming Sex Bias and Sex Stereotyping in Secondary Vocational Education--Nontraditional Support (Great Oaks…

Research on the values of women in traditional and nontraditional careers has produced differential results. To compare the home, career and leisure value orientations of college students in high-tech majors, 100 male and 100 female freshmen enrolled in science and engineering majors completed Super's Work Salience Inventory (1983). Results of…

The relationship between work and family is an issue of growing concern in the United States. The increasing participation of women in the labor force has created new demands for services, especially for low-income families, to offset women's dual responsibilities at work and home. This paper describes a Ford Foundation program to study the place…

This guide describes programs created by the Ysleta, Texas, Independent School District to promote sex equity in its high school programs. The programs described have been successful in leading both boys and girls to choose vocational education programs for jobs nontraditional for their sex. The guide describes the following five types of…

Female participation continues to increase in postsecondary vocational education and the labor market. This growth has paralleled increased funding under the Vocational Education Amendments of 1976 for sex-equity related research and demonstration activities. Funding has not, however, kept pace with needs of institutions trying to ensure equal…

This publication provides information on issues surrounding the entry of women into the fire service. Chapter 1 focuses on the "Women in the Fire Service" seminar held on August 1979. It covers issues and recommendations for programs designed to facilitate the effective use of women. Other sections contain seminar participant opinions on the issue…

The background, career and educational aspirations, and attitudes of 148 female freshmen in the Arkansas Ozarks were studied to determine reasons for underachievement and lack of commitment among females of this region. Comparisons were also made to responses of 54 male students. All respondents were residents of 29 hill counties and attended…