A description is given of the development, implementation, and evaluation of the Curriculum Management System (CMS), a computer managed system that utilizes input from research findings on effective schools. The goals and objectives of instruction are clearly delineated and effectively communicated to students and their parents. Each student,…

This paper reviews empirical studies of the efficacy of the use of computer assisted instruction (CAI) in various settings, with particular attention to the use of CAI to teach mathematics skills and concepts. Studies using students at various ages and various subjects are considered, as are applications in which CAI was used as the primary…

This paper reviews a single, large-scale evaluation of a long-term, aid-financed program in some practical subjects in Kenyan secondary schools. The analysis presented is a meta-evaluation, an evaluation of an evaluation, undertaken by two of the authors of the evaluation. A brief account of the evaluation project is first provided. This is…

Before a course to improve basic reasoning skills can be intelligently designed, it will be necessary to determine the exact nature of those skills. Research indicates that: (1) reasoning skills are highly specific, not generalized; (2) a large number of different reasoning skills exist; (3) many reasoning skills are language dependent and widely…

The paper presents a research review on individualization of instruction in special education. An initial section analyzes the concept and definitions of the term, noting similarities with such terms as adaptive instruction, differentiated instruction, and prescriptive teaching. Related concepts of independent study and self directed learning are…

Videodiscs have much to offer in developing the school curriculum, but teachers must use definite criteria in planning teaching-learning situations that will enable students to achieve on an individual basis. Thus, students should find meaning, interest, purpose, provision for individual differences, and a balance among objectives in their…

The Halliwick Method originated in England where in 1949 James McMillan developed techniques for helping handicapped individuals become independent swimmers. Based on the adaptation of scientific and hydrodynamic principles to the behavior of the human body in water, the Halliwick Method emphasizes the goal of individual independence. Instruction…

These materials are intended to help secondary vocational education instructors teach food service/food production skills in a competency-based, individualized manner. This volume includes the instructor's version of student course material, beginning with an introduction to competency-based instruction, with sections on such topics as how to…

These materials are intended to help secondary vocational education instructors teach food service/food production skills in a competency-based, individualized manner. This volume includes the instructor's version of student course material, beginning with information on the articulation of identified high school competencies with postsecondary…

This paper examines the role of learner motivation--elements that arouse, sustain, and direct behavior--as the pivotal factor in education, and urges researchers to consider the motivational state of the individual learner in interaction with the instructional method. It is emphasized that a thorough understanding of the learner's personality, as…

Computer-assisted instruction that uses open ended questions and calls for answers in natural language is the preferred method of instruction in many training situations. A novel authoring tool has been developed to meet the specific needs of open ended computerized instruction. This program, named CASIP, is essentially a single purpose…

A case study testing the hypothesis that poor learning performance may be the result of a poor match between assigned material and student ability involved the use of the Interactive Model (Stetson, 1981). A 10-year-old fifth-grader with reading problems was studied in terms of intelligence, language skills, and instructional materials used in…

The paper briefly reviews current issues and concerns facing postsecondary schools that provide services to learning disabled (LD) students. The following topics are discussed: college admissions policies, implications of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, characteristics of LD college students, accommodations to meet their special…

Findings of studies which looked at the effectiveness of the individualized instruction teaching approach are synthesized. After a search of several computer databases and of bibliographies of reports, the researchers located a total of 51 usable studies. Each of these was published after 1955, was relevant to grades 6 through 12, had both control…

Directions in self-directed learning for adults and perspectives for the future are discussed. The following five movements in self-directed learning are considered: the Knowles Group Learning Stream, the Tough Adult Learning Projects Stream, individualized programmed instruction, nontraditional institutional arrangements, and heuristic life…