Describes a farmer training program developed in Peru using videotape recorders and audiovisual trainees. Courses are produced and given to rural people on topics such as dairy cattle husbandry, irrigation, potato growing, citrus production, and reclamation of saline soils. (Author/SA)

Presented is a discussion of the possibility of a major shift of food production capacity to nonfood purposes. The attractions of an agriculturally-based alcohol fuel industry are discussed, as well as the problems of intense pressure on the earth's cropland. (Author/SA)

A discussion is presented of future global energy supply and demand problems and two benchmark scenarios showing that time will be the limiting constraint in adapting the energy supply infrastructure to changing resource availability. (Author/SA).

Literacy among adults is advocated over universal primary education for children in developing societies. It is argued that the needs of children may best be served by increasing the informal education of adults. (JMF)

The main objective of this study was to examine the assumption, widely accepted in previous studies, that as an individual becomes modern, he or she will increasingly view education as an important instrument for getting ahead economically. Ghana, India, and Brazil were included in the study. (Author/KC)

Highlights the development of a modern communication system in Indonesia brought about by the use of a satellite, Palapa I. Discusses political, religious, sociocultural, economic, and organizational constraints and their influence on the system. (JMF)

Delineates stages of the growth of social studies in Africa--separate social science disciplines, separate disciplines with African focus, integrated social science, inquiry based social science, community-centered citizenship, and problem-oriented citizenship. Focuses also on the need for African educational systems to provide schooling relevant…

Assistance from professional organizations such as the American Water Works Association is essential if the goals of the International Drinking Water and Sanitation decade are to be fulfilled. This assistance will help design and construct adequate facilities and train personnel to provide water supply and sanitation facilities in developing…

Illustrates how the self-allocative process of pupils can undermine the planning of vocational education in Nigeria. Discusses research conducted on the attitudes of primary school pupils to skilled jobs and craft-based education. (CT)

Many nations are beginning to implement elementary school guidance and counseling programs. Examples in the German Democratic Republic and Nigeria are presented. The programs are used to implement philosophies on how children should be educated, cared for, and guided. (RC)

Traces the development of vocational training and distance education in Brazil, briefly describes distance education activities of several agencies, and discusses the use of programed instruction, the personalized system of instruction, training manuals, and training modules. Commercial educational technology services are briefly described and 14…

Discusses variables such as financial resources, political determinants, resistance to innovation, learning styles, student population, organizational and institutional structures, human resources, and communication, as possible factors which detain adequate development of the open university in Latin America. Nineteen references are listed.…

Explores how international institutions such as the World Bank influence educational policy in developing nations. Concludes that the major, if sometimes unintentional, influence of international agencies in educational change is to finance those educational programs that favor dominant upper classes at the expense of the poor. (DB)

It is often the "institutional" framework of a country or region that discourages the adoption of appropriate technologies and impedes their importation, development, and diffusion. The author shows how some government policies create or increase institutional obstacles of this kind, while others help to reduce them. (CT)

Examines the implications of the reduced importance of employment for individuals, for enterprises (work conditions, management styles), trade unions (with a more political than industrial role), and the conservation of resources, concluding with a brief look at the possible benefits of microelectronics for the developing countries. (CT)