The traditional counseling model which has evolved out of experiences with upper and middle class clients and presupposes a person who is verbal, self-insightful and motivated toward increased self understanding is not effective in helping the behaviorally disordered. Although these individuals who are usually poor, culturally deprived and have…

Outcome research in counseling has generally overlooked the problem that main effects of treatment may have little meaning in the presence of interactions, and that variables not represented in research designs have no opportunity to demonstrate their interactive effect. Comparison of several groups in terms of mean differences or average gains,…

Research is needed to determine whether American Indian students really benefit from counseling as perceived by non-Indians, the nature of current methods of formal and informal counseling of Indians, effective forms of counseling for Indians, the relationship between Indians' self-esteem and employment, factors affecting vocational…

This paper demonstrates how the proper use of the relaxation process may: (1) make the counseling experience more fruitful and pleasant; (2) facilitate the maximum functioning of the client; (3) reduce physical and emotional tensions; (4) create a physical condition more conducive to attacking other problems; (5) clear the mind for clear and…

Surveys both of practitioners in school guidance programs and of futuristic literature indicate a number of significant changes to be expected in school guidance programs in the next several decades. Foreseen are greater emphases on elementary school guidance, developmental and preventive orientations, and consultative activities. (MJB)

A new model has been emerging that is designed to assist homosexuals to recognize, accept, and value their sexual identity and to help them adjust to this identity in a predominantly heterosexual society. Only a few studies exist that examine the results of this new approach. (Author)

Clients (N=24) and 16 therapists, including five client-therapist pairs, were interviewed on how issues of social sex-role stereotyping and sexual orientation arose and were dealt with in therapy. Results indicated that similarity of sexual orientation of client and therapist is related to positive psychotherapeutic outcomes. (Author)

Outlines an alternative procedure for counselors in junior high and secondary schools who find that a nondirective stance leads to confusion and frustration in adolescent clients. (EV)

Peer counseling, from a black perspective, is one educational tool which might be employed with young black adolescents to assist them in making choices which would tend to enhance their lifestyles. (Author)

A sample of 165 group leaders in the Metropolitan Toronto area was interviewed using a questionnaire designed to explore the correspondence between current group counselling and what the research literature suggests. Responses were discussed under four headings: pretherapy considerations, group leader orientation, outcome evaluation and, size and…

This article describes an effective method for evaluating counseling efforts. It applies a modification of goal-attainment scaling to the school counseling setting. (Author)

In general, counselor educators have borrowed heavily from psychotherapeutic theories in conceptualizing service delivery models. These models have in common an assumption that the goal of counseling is the personal growth and development of the client. This leads to at least two problems for counselors who work in agency settings. (Author)

Subjects (N = 81) were tested, divided into high-, medium-, and low-level thinkers, and randomly assigned as clients to behavior counseling or to a control interview. Results for the most part indicated that level of cognitive functioning does not influence a client's reaction to counseling. (Author)

Analyzing the different perceptions and controversies revealed in the papers prepared for the meeting on conceptual frameworks, the author presents a proposal for a unitary conception of practice with operational definitions of key elements. (Author)

Outlines the social work frame of reference first discussed by the NASW Commission on Social Work Practice and subsequently further developed. They then use it to develop a system of specialization consistent with unique perspectives of social work and adaptable to changing demands to which social work must respond. (Author)