The counselor is important for effective functioning of a group. Many interactions evolve from his presence and the client's subsequent struggles to be dependent and independent. The various phases in this sturggle are explained as is their relation to Freudian theory. (EK)

This review of the literature explores studies of the techniques used in behavior modification groups, the stages through which a group goes to solve its problems, and the particular tasks of the group worker in helping the group reach its goals. (Author)

The study reveals that counselors have more educational contacts with students less disposed toward higher education; student's educational goals and intelligence exert a direct effect on the educational advice received; and the counselor has an incremental effect on the student's educational expectations independent of the influences of the…

This article suggests that emotional disturbance be viewed as an ecological phenomenon that exists in the transactions among people. The task of the counselor is to alter disturbed transactions in ways that promote individual competence. (Author)

An objectivistic philosophical conviction has prompted the author to abandon the "uh-huh response of existentialist counseling, and to do many things considered forbidden to counselors. The search for solutions, given as alternatives without advising or choosing, is a source of satisfaction to this counselor. Followed with a brief critical…

This paper reviews very briefly some of the comprehensive views of the functions of the school psychologists, presents some suggestions which have been made in recent years for the training of school psychological personnel, and discusses the complex interrelationships between the psychologist and all those people and variables which make up his…

Findings of this study supported the hierarchical arrangement of needs as postulated by Maslow and Roe as they are revealed in occupational terms. It was concluded that maturation does have an effect upon the direction and intensity of psychological needs. Several counseling goals and strategies are advanced. (Author)

The use of counseling to encourage teachers to become amenable to educational change is discussed. (CK)

Pupil personnel services and student personnel services are compared on organizational patterns, professionalization problems, and relationship to counseling. Future prospects for both services have inherent promise. (Author)

Extensive review of the literature suggests that modeling procedures are effective means of changing behavior, not only with one client but with a group. School counselors, in particular, need to be aware of the negative effect of various grouping policies, and should expose behavior problem clients to socially acceptable models. Followed by…

The amount of variance in the relationship between measures of educational and vocational interests leads to a quandary about how to counsel students. Counselors should be aware that interest scores provide clients with only one source of information necessary for the decision process. (Author)

As man faces larger number of people, he will tend to disregard individualism more and more, and ultimately to reduce man to nothingness. This article explores some of the long term implications of such decisions and the professional responsibility for the resulsts. Fresh look at the morality of decision making appears urgent. (Author)

Since the process of health education can be termed guidance," wherein a professional guides client behavior using an academically based framework, it is imperative that improved training for health counseling be accomplished by interdisciplinary cooperation of relevant professionals. (Author/CJ)