Absence of a well-articulated conceptual framework that encompasses the entire spectrum of social work practice is a major source of long-standing identity crisis. This article examines some of the common elements and distinctive features of the mission, objectives, and specializations that have been advanced within professional social work.…

Defines a process that will enable counselors to design their own guidance activities relevant to the special needs of various student populations. Six steps are suggested: experiencing, publishing, processing, generalizing, developing, and applying. (ABB)

Second-order change is a dramatic instance of personal change in which a person's structure of experience changes radically, rather than incrementally and gradually. Suggests that creating therapeutic contexts that enable second-order change to occur naturally may be more productive than making second-order change the goal of therapy. (Author/KS)

The author shares his views concerning furthering the development of educational and vocational guidance services in developing countries. He discusses the importance of society, the family, and the individual; guidance philosophy; cultural compatibility of guidance and counseling; and guidance adaptations and their objectives. (CT)

Proposes that counselors have an ethical obligation to look beyond the client to the environment as part of their assessment process and to develop preventive as well as remedial strategies aimed at mediating environmental effects on the individual. (Author/BL)

Examined differences in attitudes about death in 109 male and female graduate students in public health. Results indicated significant sex differences suggesting implications for death education courses as well as death related counseling. (JAC)

Among the issues discussed are the following: the process of protest, recognition of the problems and decision to act, academic women and unions, legal suits, personal counseling during discrimination actions, special problems of black women; isolation from the community and isolation from white women. (Author/AM)

Spirituality and aging are two emerging areas of importance for the field of counseling. Research in the broad area of spirituality is limited. The research in spirituality and aging is even more limited. While the amount of research is growing, there are still few instruments that explicitly measure human spirituality. The purpose of this study…

Counseling centers from 87 four-year colleges and universities completed the College Counseling Center Role and Function Survey (CCRF). This survey is designed to measure agreement and disagreement, and rank 14 functions of a university counseling center in order of importance. Participants were asked to identify their top five responsibilities.…

This volume of the Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series examines treatment issues for both adult survivors of child abuse or neglect and adults in treatment who may be abusing or neglecting their own children. Chapters 1 through 3 focus primarily on adult survivors of child abuse and neglect. Chapter 1 defines child abuse and neglect,…

This article explains that the phenomenological approach in counseling began as a movement to counterbalance the influence of psychoanalysis in psychotherapy and counseling. Phenomenology is defined as the study of the world as we immediately experience it, pre-reflectively rather than as we conceptualize, categorize, or reflect on it. Through…

The purpose of the study was to investigate if college students who seek counseling differ in their psychological adjustment from those who do not seek counseling. Students seeking counseling for help with personal problems differed significantly on the social and emotional adjustment scales from those who did not seek counseling. (Author)

The purpose of this study was to asses the relative effects of two different group approaches to counseling and a placebo on measures of self-concept, interpersonal relationships, and school adjustment. (Editor)

Marriage and family counseling must become an autonomous profession because it is socially necessary, open to those who are qualified to practice it and for those who need it, and consultative. This profession involves the process of interpersonal dynamics in the intimate setting of the family and its effects on the individual. The clinical work…

A reliable criterion system was developed for responses to a follow-up questionnaire and precounseling goal check list to appraise the effects of counseling. (Author)