The business model of the university, emphasizing productivity and efficiency, is insidious because it treats knowledge as a product rather than a process. Learning to ask questions is more important than receiving answers, and the special contribution of the university is the excellence of its process. (Author/MSE)

The effectiveness and efficiency of decision making in Canadian universities are discussed in relation to the same processes in British and German institutions, in relation to other complex systems, and in terms of institutional autonomy and current pressures toward greater external control. (MSE)

Experience in 12 Colorado school districts suggests that implementation of a four-day school week can offer several benefits, including savings in fuel costs, decreased absenteeism, improved efficiency in activity-oriented classes, increased staff development time, and a flexible "fifth day" for extracurricular activities. (PGD)

Administrators should examine the role and limitations of their budgeting systems and consider overemphasis on control of spending rather than efficiency or effectiveness, limitations on cash-based budgeting, need for information on operating costs, and the short range and fragmented nature of most budgets. (MSE)

Literary training for translators becomes palatable and tangible when given in a single, three-semester-hour course, combining all languages and taught in English. The course explores literature synthetically, via translation, rather than analytically as in a more traditional literature course. (Author/MSE)

Examined whether different levels of task complexity result in variations in group decision making. Groups (N=7) discussed problems varying in levels of complexity. Findings suggested that group decision making is a cyclical process with the number of cycles affected by task complexity. (RC)

Findings of a study conducted at four university libraries support Hage and Aiken's theory that, while the relationship between the structural variability complexity and rate of innovation is positive, it is negative for centralization, formalization, and stratification. The methodology, with some modifications, was shown to be transferable.…

Offers guidelines on planning for and conducting smooth, efficient, and effective board meetings. (WD)

Offers guidelines on conducting board meetings efficiently while allowing for public participation. (WD)

A battery of four tasks which measure the interhemispheric transfer of information was utilized to test the hypothesis that there will be an increase in efficiency of interhemispheric transfer with increasing age. (MP)

Noting that developing skill with a musical instrument requires much dedicated practice, the author gives advice to students and teachers about maximizing the productivity and efficiency of a practice session. (SJL)

Looks at some of the benefits of computers to learning in school and at home. Predicts the expansion of all types of electronic technology. (SJL)

Compact design and insulation cut energy use at a junior high school in Rexon (New Brunswick). Loma Linda University in California has reduced consumption of natural gas by installing cogeneration equipment. Morningside College in Sioux City (Iowa) has replaced deteriorating windows. (Author/MLF)

Secretaries are a valuable staff resource for principals if their skills are utilized effectively. Some successful working procedures are suggested. (Author/MLF)

Evaluates the Nominal Group Technique as a method for structuring a problem solving group's communication. The technique is evaluated in terms of its ability to produce more potential solutions to a problem than an interacting group and in terms of the perceived satisfaction of the participants. (JMF)