Inescapable shock given to weanling rats produced large deficits in adult escape behavior. Experience with escapable shock while a weanling immunizes the animal against the deficits produced by inescapable shock received as an adult. Implications of these findings for animal models of human depression are discussed. (Author/MS)

An original personality test is used to aid in screening and advising applicants to a freshman English tutorial program for foreign, minority and Anglo-American students. The test gives indications that it is strongly predictive of good and poor language-study behavior. (Author/RM)

The following research investigated gender and the leadership role and determined if there are differences in leadership styles, behaviors, traits, and characteristics between female leaders and male leaders. Literature suggests there are specific gender leadership differences between males and females in leadership styles, behaviors, traits, and…

In this report, the authors aim to review and advance knowledge of systematic ways of classifying thinking skills. They concentrate on taxonomies and theory-based frameworks, in the belief that studying and using them will promote better understanding of how people think and learn at the age of 16 or above. Their overarching interest is in how…

This document contains three issues of the 2002 Australian Network for Promotion, Prevention and Early Intervention for Mental Health newsletter. The newsletters disseminate information about the national and local initiatives for intervention and prevention of mental health problems. They also provide information on upcoming workshops and…

Career Assessments are useful in helping people uncover their interests, values, personality, and skills. The problem with assessments occurs when counselors do not use the information to explore options for career decisions with students. This paper offers 10 alternatives to administering Career Assessments, which counselors can immediately…

Parents are often asked to complete behavioral checklists and personality inventories regarding their children when they bring them in for psychotherapy or neuropsychological testing. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Conners' Parent Report Scale (CPRS), and the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) are frequently used tests. Some…

This research investigates the development of conflict between sexual minority identity and religious identity in sexual minority youth, examining religion as both a risk factor and a protective factor. Intrinsic religion was expected to predict self reported conflict between religious and sexual minority identity. Retrospectively reported…

This study, part of a larger study of academic persistence, examined the experiences of 24 African American students who persisted toward graduation at small, predominantly white colleges in the Southeastern United States. Similar studies have primarily focused on large public universities. A qualitative approach guided this study with…

Noting that when adolescents select friends, they are creating a relationship context that will be an important source of influence, this study examined the criteria adolescents use when choosing friends. Adolescents in grades 7 and 10 were interviewed about the criteria they used when selecting friends, particularly the importance they placed…

This study evaluated the relationship between psychological traits of campus-based undergraduate students and their preference for face-to-face (FtF) or computer-mediated communications (CMC), investigating the validity of transferring CMC instructional strategies from distance education to traditional classrooms. Thirty-eight students (80%) of…

This book examines socialization science, which is the empirical effort to understand how children acquire traits from their families and cultures. This work proposes that one part of the family influence process--broad differences in family environments, except for those that are neglectful, abusive, or without opportunity--may exert little…

A study investigated how children's constitutional temperament (Easy, Difficult, or Intermediate), measured at 18 months of age, influences their adaptation to formal schooling. Information was collected from 35 children and their parents who were part of a longitudinal study of development. All participants were first-born children from…

Despite growth in the scope and importance of the college or university chief development officer's role, it remains relatively unexamined and the subject of differing perceptions. This report reviews the history and current status of the development function. Major authors on the subject are reviewed and placed into four "schools of…

Risk factors for early adolescents' (700 between the ages of 10 to 13) delinquency were compared between groups of children high and low in childhood adversities. The samples represented young people from the two former Germanies (200 from former East and 500 from West Germany) who were interviewed in person. Additional information was gathered…