Today's school tests and surveys collect a wide variety of personality and opinion data on student proclivities, social attitudes, and parent-inculcated world views. Personality testing poses a threat to family privacy and students' future employability. Nearly anyone can access personal and sensitive student information and use it to target…

The theory of psychological reactance provides a useful framework for understanding perceived client resistance. This article elaborates on how this theory can be helpful to human services interns, particularly in the areas of client socialization, client motivation, and therapeutic pacing. A case example from adolescent treatment is included.…

Describes psychological consequences of life in urban neighborhoods. Offers three conceptual models that relate neighborhood physical, structural, and social characteristics to mental health outcomes. Contains 66 references. (MMU)

Discusses the question of how English-language learners (ELLs) experience writing by probing the effects of researcher positionalities on inquiry practices. Explores positionality through experiences with the discourse of contrastive rhetoric. (Author/VWL)

Personal disputes and controversial research lead some scholars to be shunned by colleagues. The practice is seen variously as a form of mind control, manipulation, and indicative of scholars' paranoia. Those affected find professional invitations withdrawn and departmental involvement reduced; some even encounter lawsuits. (MSE)

Reviews the DSM-IV criteria for conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), comparing their counterparts in DSM-III-R. Results from DSM-IV field trials indicate interrater and test-retest reliability were only marginally improved compared to prior criteria. Although overlooked in DSM-IV, community factors, gender differences,…

A year-long qualitative study examined seven formerly-addicted alcoholic youth committed to recovery to determine how addicted youth become and remain sober. Bending to social stress, including racism and ethnic prejudice, three participants relapsed. However, personal commitment augmented by familial, community, spiritual, and educational support…

Investigates the extent that principals' managerial behavior is related to their beliefs about control. Argues for a negative relation between extreme locus of control and perspectives used by individuals for strategic and long-term plans. "Extreme control" principals produce strategic plans with shorter perspectives. (Contains 56…

Surveyed mothers and children at four constructivist and ten Montessori preschool classrooms. Found a near significant trend suggesting that temperamentally active boys were more likely to be perceived as behavior problems in Montessori settings, which are characterized by working quietly for long periods of time. No similar trends were revealed…

Examines risk and protective factors to identify processes in rural, single-parent families that are linked with positive child outcomes. Protective domains promoted greater child self-regulation; parenting protective factors promoted greater self-regulation. Maternal risk had the greatest negative effect on child self-worth. Results also reveal…

A comparison of adolescent children of Vietnam combat veterans with non-combat veterans found the majority of outcomes were not significantly different. However, children of combat veterans showed poorer attitudes towards school; more negative attitudes towards their father; experienced more depression, tension, apprehension, and anxiety; and…

Examines the degree of teachers' stress tolerance by studying secondary education teachers in Izhevsk (Russia). Concludes that the teachers' level of expertise influences their level of stress tolerance, there is a positive connection between higher self-assessment and stress tolerance, and personal mechanisms of stress tolerance serve to foster…

Examines the roles of decision-making network characteristics and decision-making satisfaction in determining caregiver well being. Results, based on 244 adult child and spouse caregiver interviews, indicate that aspects of family environment, such as adaptability and conflict, are the best predictors of decision-making satisfaction. Caregiver…

A successful Portland (Oregon) program creates mentoring adult relationships in the lives of high-risk children. Paid staff members sign a contract to work with up to eight children for 10 years, beginning at age 6-7, providing positive adult role models; early intervention; and opportunities for the children to explore talents, learn life skills,…

Parents who were identical twins, fraternal twins, or adopted siblings completed questionnaires assessing attitudes toward parenting and specific parenting practices, the emotional atmosphere of the home, and parental personality. Model-fitting results implicated modest genetic effects on affect-related aspects of parenting, such as parental…