The life of British feminist and pacifist Vera Brittain demonstrates that an attempt to understand the relationship between personal experience and political activities should take account of the following: (1) the centrality of political values in an individual's identity; (2) the individual's life stage and life history; and (3) the individual's…

Explores the relations between temperament, communicative competence, and humor expression among four- and five-year-old nursery school children. Shows that ratings of communicative competence and various dimensions of temperament account for a significant proportion of the variance in the reported frequency of children's laughter and verbal and…

The reading accuracy of seven-year-old children was found to be significantly better with the installment rather than the whole method of oral reading. In addition, word complexity, extraversion, and sex interacted in their effects on reading accuracy. The results are discussed in terms of their implication for classroom practice. (Author/RM)

Examines the relationship between sex role orientation and self-esteem among adolescents, using Harters (1982) Perceived Competence Scale for Children (PCSC) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire Short Form (PAQ). Results support the masculinity model of Psychological well-being and suggest that this model is applicable to both global and…

The role of self-perception and other personal characteristics in women's leadership abilities and acceptance of leadership roles is discussed. The importance of replenishing one's emotional and physical resources to function at high professional and personal levels is emphasized. (MSE)

Reports the responses of 23 mothers of Down's Syndrome children to the Behavioral Style Questionnaire concerning the temperament characteristics of their child. Mothers were also interviewed with the Implicit Parental Learning Theory Scale and asked how they would handle certain specified child behaviors. (HOD)

Reviews and critiques research that has assessed the effect of infant temperament on caregiver behaviors and concludes that the relationship between temperament and caregiving behavior has not been adequately tested. Offers conceptual and methodological guidelines for future research. (HOD)

Examines the problems and needs of the estimated seven million children who are growing up in alcoholic home environments--and the implications for professionals involved with young children. (HOD)

Israeli elementary school teachers graded a handwritten worksheet allegedly written by an "excellent" or a "weak" student. This ability labeling caused a significant expectancy bias effect. The effects of teachers' ethnic origins, preferred teaching methods, teaching experience, and views on Israeli school integration on…

Examines possible correlates of difficult temperament by testing 152 adopted and 120 nonadopted infants at 12 and 24 months. Finds no significant relationships between parental reports of difficult temperament and other aspects of infant development, the home environment, or parental personality. Questions the utility of the construct of difficult…

Presents results of a study of 3,700 male and 300 female cadets during the first three years of coeducation at West Point. Reports significant similarities between male and female personality variables and characteristics but differences in their leadership ratings and attitudes toward sex roles and dating relationships. (KH)

Examined personality (persistence, future orientation, and the tendency toward reckless/rash behavior) and cognitive factors related to success or failure in college science courses. One finding noted is that both men and women were more apt to attribute their success to effort/ability, and their failure to the difficulty of a task. (JN)

Discusses results of a study of computer programers which assessed the emotional and social needs met by their interaction with computers, programers, and nonprogrammers. Since a significant portion of respondents expressed preference for computer interaction, an examination of needs fulfilled by computer interaction is presented, and societal…

A study sought a correlation between medical student personality traits and preference for a small-group, Socratic method medical course design. More students of the intuitive-feeling personality type than others reacted positively to the experience, but because the course requires more faculty time, less faculty support was found. (MSE)

Two explanations of the underlying process in faculty self-evaluation by videotape recording are outlined and integrated into one conceptualization. One theory is based on affect: self-confrontation, dissonance, stress, distress, and eustress. The second is based on a cognitive and information processing approach and includes feedback,…