Change in rural schools is difficult to achieve because the diversity of these schools does not allow for one set implementation program. Small rural schools are an integral part of the rural community, and as such are as different as the part of the country where they are located. Change in rural areas is unsuccessful due to: the amount of…

Because a pro-social disposition towards others, the willingness to review one's own situation, or an interest in global issues are the sort of attitudes still open to growth and enrichment in children, development education is being directed at 9- to 12-year olds. These youngsters are still young enough to be open-minded yet are sufficiently…

Societal and political and economic forces that affect college instruction are considered. Classroom interaction is affected by the culture, the personalities of teachers and students, and the social situation (the physical and social environment). All the factors that influence the classroom are affected by political and economic factors both…

Fifteen papers (largely from the 1979 National Symposium on Rural Justice) explore rural crime, criminals, and the rural criminal justice system (law enforcement, courts and the legal process, and jails and corrections). Each section begins with a synthesis. Part I contains two papers: one addresses past research and future directions of rural…

This edited transcript of a presentation on state requirements for teacher certification deals with two topics: (1) a model for establishing certificate specifications as an indicator of entry level competencies expected of educational personnel; and (2) relationships among state departments of education divisions, bureaus, units, and sections…

Data collected from teachers participating in the Study of Schooling research project were used in this report to explore variables critical to school change. The influence of external factors on teachers, including teachers' experiences with consultants, inservice training activities, peer guidance, and educational organizations, is analyzed in…

A perception of "faculty power" frequently expressed during consultant/consultee interactions is analyzed, and approaches to dealing with the perception and also meeting the consultation objectives are suggested. This commonly expressed perception is that faculty hold untested strength that should not be bothered, challenged, or antagonized. In a…

Group activities are outlined for a course for preservice and inservice teachers who wish to improve their skills in eliminating sex bias from their classroom and teaching practices. Program materials were developed around a three-phase training model. The first phase focused on increasing awareness of the pervasiveness of stereotyping in society.…

This paper addresses the task of the family therapist who is called upon when remediation attempts between school and family fail to produce favorable results with a child identified as a problem pupil. The job of the therapist in dismantling the system that is detrimental to the child and reorganizing one that enhances development is discussed…

This proposal for effective educational change is concerned primarily with the establishment of more appropriate systems for structuring the educational process in Europe following the developments in educational philosophy during the 1960s. Designed specifically to apply to the educational system in Norway but based on principles applicable to…

Employing experiential adventure activities to develop leadership skills of young people and teachers, the National Leadership Conference (NLC) program, held during a 10-day session at Camp Miniwanca in Michigan, is constructed from 5 distinctive elements: (1) high intensity orientation; (2) carefully structured learning experiences; (3)…

Many school systems are now in a state of transition due to a lack of supportive personnel because of budget cutbacks, a wider variation of classroom techniques, an increased individualization of instruction, and a changing neighborhood population of school children. Thus, new classroom guidance practices have become both possible and necessary.…

Issues of concern to higher education in Pennsylvania and possible roles for the state government are addressed by a state senator. The difficulty of providing postsecondary education in view of reduced funds is noted. It is suggested that the expectation that adult students will help solve the problem of fewer traditional aged college students…

The Reagan Administration's proposals concerning the Guaranteed Student Loan (GSL) Program and possible alternatives are examined. A variety of proposals are analyzed in terms of the estimated cost savings and potential effects on the supply of and demand for student loans. Background is also included on the history of legislative changes and…

This monograph summarizes the activities of state affiliates of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE) in the first two years of a three-year project on institutional capacity building for Public Law (PL) 94-142, which concerns equal education for all handicapped students. The goals of the project were: (1) to raise…