This summary of a study describing the communications of school administrators and teachers and the degree of congruency between principals' and teachers' instructional intentions and students' and teachers' perceptions of classroom events concludes by proposing Rensis Likert's overlapping work groups as a more effective organizational pattern for…

This PT3 initiative focuses on the development and dissemination of the Instructional Technology, Assessment and Action Research (ITAAR) Model, an instructional planning and improvement model for use in K-12 classrooms that incorporates instructional design principles, data driven decision-making, technology, classroombased assessment, and action…

This manual is intended to assist teachers in implementing a comprehensive approach to teaching academic vocabulary at the classroom, school, and district levels. Using the manual's list of 7,923 terms, school and district teams can choose the most important vocabulary terms they want to teach to all students. All vocabulary terms are extracted…

This paper discusses creating a successful learning environment in the one-computer classroom. The first section addresses why the one-computer classroom has evolved. The second section covers what an instructor can accomplish with just one computer in the classroom, including the following four elements that are generated by the computer in the…

If technology is to be integrated into schools successfully, then teachers must understand that instructional technology is not just hardware or software, but rather a process and/or approach to teaching and learning. There are many benefits of and barriers to using technology in teaching. First, with the use of technology, the lesson can be…

This paper explores some of the challenges of RMIT University (Australia), a large cross-sectoral university, and considers how online learning has enabled one TAFE (Technical and Further Education) department to become more fully engaged in the wider university context. The first section provides an overview of RMIT, TAFE, and higher education.…

The purpose of this paper is to depict a model of the ethical drivers of the implementation of instructional technology. The model is meant to be a starting point for institutions as they initiate, update or implement instructional technology. A major assumption underlying the paper is that a consideration of ethics is lacking in the planning…

This digest, based on "Survey of Instructional Development Models," 3rd edition, defines instructional development (ID) in terms of four major activities: analysis of the setting and learner needs; design of a set of specifications for an effective, efficient, and relevant learner environment; development of all learner and management…

Sometimes an assessment program becomes well-established, nationally recognized, "proven" effective, and thus stuck in its routines and reasoning, becoming just another university bureaucracy for the teachers and students who work within it. The pedagogical question was how to keep an assessment program, or writing program for that…

Online computer conferences used to assist distance learning courses often fail because the moderator-usually the instructor responsible for the conference-is not properly trained in techniques that build a community of learners. It has often been assumed that the skills required to create a vibrant classroom discussion translate easily to an…

The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for instructional sequencing in emotional literacy curricula. First, the concepts of instructional sequence and the problems involved with instructional sequence in the affective domain of learning are addressed. Then, through the analysis of the emotional literacy curriculum, Promoting Alternative…

In 1986, the International Board of Standards for Training, Performance, and Instruction (IBSTPI) published the first edition of "Instructional Design [ID] Competencies: The Standards." It was the culmination of work that began in 1978. In this third edition, IBSTPI presents its latest view of the competencies of instructional designers. It is a…

This paper reports on a program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Library that was instituted to train library technicians to work at the Information Desk as Reference Assistants; the objectives of the program were to train library technicians to become reference assistants, to free up librarians' time for new work assignments, and to…

Higher education in the United States has a history of opening its doors to broader populations of students as exemplified by the Morrill Act and the GI Bill. The reality, however, of modifying curricula and courses already parceled among faculty with varying specialties, varying levels of expertise related to diversity, and with already full…

A framework for designing intelligent assistance in a discovery learning environment is proposed in this paper. The process of discovery learning is analyzed and the required functions for intelligent assistance are discussed. A flexible simulator that fits any type of discovery learning is necessary. The problem solvers that perform fundamental…