When 96 of 220 women in nontraditional occupations and 100 of 300 in traditional occupations completed self-efficacy scales, results showed employed women do have higher self-efficacy for working with people than with things. Among the differences between the two groups, traditional women had higher self-efficacy for serving and helping,…

Based upon review of literature regarding burnout among helping professions, discusses organizational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal conditions that may create or exacerbate problems of burnout among school psychologists. Presents suggestions for coping with burnout in school settings. Underscores need for research agenda related to burnout…

A qualitative study of 27 low-literate people who relied on readers for help found satisfying and unsatisfying exchange patterns ranging from balanced to imbalanced to nonexistent reciprocity. The existence of trust and respect affected satisfaction with relationship. (SK)

Describes Schein's three models of consultation based on assumptions inherent in different helping styles: purchase of expertise and doctor-patient models, which focus on content of organization problems; and process consultation model, which focuses on how organizational problems are solved. Notes that Schein has suggested that consultants begin…

Analysis of terms used to describe nursing in files of 538 students at a hospital school (1915-37) revealed a lack of terms associated with caring, which predominates in nursing today. Instead, nursing was defined as handling, managing, and controlling individuals and situations. (SK)

Presents three scenarios showing the dilemmas involved in facilitating school improvement sessions without seizing leadership control. Formerly a public school teacher and administrator, the consultant author was strongly influenced by the 1960s open education movement. Because insiders effect school change, facilitators must go inside but…

A long-distance friendship between two elementary school principals began when staff of a Duluth (Minnesota) elementary school read the December 1989 "Executive Educator" cover story about the condition of homeless children at a Rockaway Beach (New York) elementary school. Both schools worked on fundraisers to send Rockaway youngsters to summer…

Presents, side by side, sections of the first author's (a psychotherapist) journal writing during and after her treatment for cancer, and the second author's (a medical doctor) "commentary" thoughts about her words and what they say about the subjective experience of life-challenging illness. Presents this as one way to humanize the encounter…

Interviews with two Cambodian immigrant families over 2 years revealed how they relied on each other more than formal service providers to cope with difficulties. They focused on children's education and safety, insulation of the family from external influences, and interdependence with the immigrant community. (SK)

Investigates age and gender differences in the relative perception of social support across adulthood. Findings indicate that age and gender do affect the perception of demandingness across different support relationships. Men appear to perceive spousal support as the most positive, while women perceive children's support as the most positive.…

Article identifies the characteristics of mentoring from the perspective of diverse college students. Results suggests that mentoring is perceived as important for success and that neither race nor gender were perceived as critical influences on the mentoring process but that friendship, nurturance, open-mindedness, and trustworthiness are key to…

Explores the role and status of hearing people within the Deaf community, in particular sign language interpreters. Indicates that hearing people and sign language interpreters in particular can become members of the Deaf community. (Author/VWL)

Intentionality is a vital element in professional counseling. This article provides evidence that by reframing general internal cognitions into clearly stated internal dialogue, individuals are in a better position to reach their goals and are more likely to do so. (Contains 15 references.) (Author)

Older mother-adult daughter dyads (N = 43) addressed two issues pertaining to the ways in which help is initiated (offered, requested, and imposed help) and type of help given (instrumental help, advice, and emotional support) a) mothers' reasoning about these aspects of help, and b) daughters' understanding of mothers' feelings. Both groups noted…

The purpose of the present study was to examine how college students' help seeking behavior varied across different instructional learning environments. Four hundred and seventy four (N=472) students enrolled in distance, distributed, and traditional classes were queried about their help seeking preferences, help seeking tendencies, personal…