In response to Maccoby and Jacklin's (1974) conclusion that sex differences in aggression must be biological in origin, we suggest alternative social-learning mechanisms to explain the differences. These mechanisms include: (1) punishment for aggression increases aggression in boys, particularly because boys do not identify with the punisher; (2)…

The purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the feasibility of increasing the quality of job performances of counselors and identifying changes in career maturity attitudes of counselors in the area of personnel needs of business and industry; (2) examine the effects of a structured inservice program to aid counselors in performing job…

The subjects of this study were mothers of 8-year-old and 14-year-old boys. Each mother was presented with six vignettes, four of them depicting moderately severe problem behaviors and two of them more severe problems. Mothers rated each on: (1) how serious a problem it was; (2) what might have caused it; (3) how they would attempt to deal with…

Two studies used a structural equation model to examine the relationship between gender and participation in college mathematics, physics, and chemistry courses. The intervening variables under scrutiny were ability scores, attitudes toward mathematics and mathematicians, and expectations of future performance in physical science courses. The…

With the advent of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, (P.L. 94-142), diagnostic evaluations and recommendations for service should proceed on a logical and unbiased basis. Studies from the past decade have suggested that there is considerable bias in diagnostic labeling due to socioeconomic status and age of the child. In turn this…

This is the expanded third edition of a book that lists research, organizations, and publications in the field of communications. The book's first three sections are guides to research, listing universities with communications research programs, nonacademic institutions that conduct communications research, and organizations that support…

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether perceptions of role involvement by police patrolmen were significantly related to either future or concurrent job performance. A secondary objective was to analyze changes in the perceived role involvement of new patrolmen during their assimilation into a police organization. The perceived…

The major purpose of this study was to assess the effect of increased parental involvement in an intervention program. The program was structured to follow a prescribed mode of parent-child activities and parent-teacher communications and activities all having reference to the child's educational experiences, particularly those involving reading.…

This study examined the influence of male and female models on the expectancies, achievement, and attributions of college students. A factorial design varied sex of subjects (male, female), sex of models (male, female), and causal attribution offered by models for completion of a novel task (effort, luck, ability, task difficulty). Females'…

Formula budgeting procedures used in several states for allocating resources to public institutions of higher education are reviewed and criteria to be considered in developing a formula budget for public institutions in Pennsylvania is recommeded in this report. Section 1 summarizes the history of formula budgeting in Pennsylvania. Section 2…

A model for projecting the flow of faculty as a result of various decisions related to tenture is presented. This model uses the proposition that future tenure proportions are determined by additions and departures from the tenured and untenured faculties. Its most basic assumption is that the rates of these additions and departures will remain…

Self-instructional modules used as one of several learning delivery systems at the university were planned for extensive use as an integral part of the academic program. Students who have completed the modules were asked to complete a specially prepared evaluation form. The results of the responses obtained are summarized, and the statistical…

The primary objectives of this research are to define intimacy more distinctly (including what constitutes greater depth or higher levels of intimacy); to explore the changes across adult life; and most importantly, to assess the respective degree of association intimacy has with adaptation to life stress. A series of studies were undertaken to…

This study investigates when people prefer to retire, and how their preferences change as they grow older. Subjects were 547 workers and 371 retirees. Information was collected during interviews in 1964 and in 1974. Data were analyzed in a split-plot analysis of variance model. Results indicate the following: (1) an overall shift to later…

This study was designed to further explore the relationship between sex role identity and social competence in a developmental context. Two specific questions were of concern: Do levels of masculinity, femininity and social competence vary by age, and does the relationship of masculinity and femininity remain constant and positive in non-college…