Many self-concept measures employ several different scales to which the subject responds in a set order at one sitting. This study examined effects of different testing conditions. The Index of Adjustment and Values (IAV) was administered to 191 graduate students under two different sequences and two time delay conditions. Results indicate…

The present study raises serious questions regarding the interpretation of earlier research that has generally indicated that "favorable" personality descriptions are accepted more highly than "unfavorable" personality descriptions. The higher acceptance evidently resulted from the greater base-rate truthfulness existing in the favorable…

Three monitoring techniques and three valences (social desirability) of self-selected, verbal target behaviors were investigated in heterosexual dyads of college students. Self-monitoring had the same reactive effects in dyadic as in single-person situations. The direction of the behavior change was influenced by the valence of the target…

This study attempted to examine the effects of short-term psychiatric hospitalization for black and white patients by comparing them when they entered a short-term public hospital, when they were released from the hospital, and in the community 18 months following hospital release. Few differences were found at discharge or at follow-up. (Author)

This study suggests that change in students' attitude toward the appropriateness of personal-social problems for treatment at the counseling center could be effected by a personal letter from the counseling center staff. Results support this hypothesis. (Author/H.M.V.)

Nonassertive female university student volunteers (N=45) were assigned randomly to one of three individual counseling programs: placebo counseling, standard assertion training, or assertion training incorporating anger induction procedures. The standard method proved superior on a self-report measure but on one of four behavioral ratings the anger…

In order to compare the evaluations of self-disclosure from three points of view--the sender, the receiver, and a neutral observer--self-rankings and group-rankings of self-disclosure were collected from 11 members of a weekend encounter group. Results indicate that content analyses yield quite different results from global analyses. (Author)

The perceptions of empathy among 12 clients, 12 counselors, 12 observers, and two judges on the empathy subscale of the Truax Relationship Inventory and on Carkhuff's empathy rating scale were studied. Results indicate strong agreement among all participants of the counseling process on their perceptions of empathy. (Author)

Subjects, who were Occupational Work Experience students, were randomly assigned to individual guidance from either a computerized occupational information system, to a counselor-based information system or to a control group. Results demonstrate a hierarchical learning effect: The computer group learned more than the counseled group, which…

This study investigated questions raised by previous research by Barak and LaCrosse regarding perceptions of counselor behavior. Different groups of subjects viewed interviews and rated them on 36 bipolar items (Counselor Rating Form). Results indicated that the perceived dimensions were reliable as measured by the Counselor Rating Form. (Author)

This study reports on the development of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, a new measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads. This factor analytic study suggests four empirically verified components of dyadic adjustment to be used as subscales (dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, dyadic consensus and affectional expression).…

The relationship between television watching and family tension was studied. Higher tension levels were found in families with high levels of television watching. Findings suggest television set operation is used to prevent tense interaction, particularly in households that are so crowded that people cannot easily use spatial separation to control…

Two observational systems were employed to measure the behavior patterns of two elementary-age autistic children and their classroom peers during a free-play period. The results obtained were discussed in terms of their significance for the clinical treatment of autistic behavior, and the evaluation of such treatment. (Author)

Data were collected on rate per minute of administering token reinforcement for one male and six female teachers enrolled in a behavior modification course. Comparison of reinforcement rates for observer-present versus absent indicated significantly higher rates of token delivery in the observer-present condition. Implications of this fact are…

Pupils from fourth, fifth, and sixth grades (N=198) were studied to determine the relationship between children's self-concept, academic achievement, and teacher's rating of children's self-concept. The differences between grade levels, sex, and ethnic group membership were tested by analysis of variance. Results are discussed. (Author)