Over the past 8 years, the debate over U.S. policy in Central America has degenerated into an unproductive partisan clash that has obscured the issues and eliminated the possibility of a bipartisan consensus. Conference participants agreed that Central America, for historic, geographic, economic, and political reasons is of vital interest to the…

This paper discusses problems with information systems and services, particularly those relating to information on science and technology, in third world countries: (1) problems in collection development; (2) financial problems, including legal and political constraints; (3) a low degree of scientific literacy; (4) communication barriers; (5) lack…

This manual was developed to help field staff members of the Peace Corps train volunteers. The manual's task descriptions, guidelines, examples, and definitions are intended to be practical and informative rather than restrictive. The manual is divided into six major sections: (1) introduction; (2) getting started; (3) assessing the country…

The Americas conventionally are divided into two continents, North and South America, with the place of demarcation at the border between Panama and Colombia. Yet a generation of students is growing up with the broad but imprecise term Latin America, referring to all of those countries south of the United States, while North America has come to…

Undertaken as the result of an International Council on Archives (ICA) recommendation to collect, disseminate, and keep updated a corpus of national standards relevant to records and archives management, this report is based on a survey for a proposed RAMP (Records and Archives Management Programme) study on national standards, the British…

A research project was conducted to develop a narrative description of the strengths and weaknesses of the distance education component of the Zimbabwean teacher education program. The Triad Perspective Model of Distance Education (TPMDE), which resulted from the study's emergent design, combines three theoretical perspectives on education:…

This document summarizes discussions at an invitational workshop on the role of communication in the development process in Nigeria. Discussion centered on the need to democratize the mass electronic and print news media. The following broad issues were discussed: (1) the problems of providing accurate, high quality information to a largely rural,…

Rwanda, a small country in Africa, has experienced declines in per capita food production. Fish culture is one part of a many-stranded effort to increase food production and food security by intensifying the use of land resources to produce a much-needed protein crop. Beginning in 1983, the Rwanda National Fish Culture Project has assisted farmers…

This report includes descriptions of 105 projects in 42 countries that are financed and supported by the Bernard van Leer Foundation. Projects profiled are those with a duration of 1-5 years which were operationally active at the end of January, 1990. Each project is described in terms of: (1) the sponsoring institution, that is, the institution…

The proceedings of the sixth regional workshop consist of a description of the project and the workshop; a description of the field survey, preparation, and field testing of materials by the group; five papers presented at the workshop; and notes on planned follow-up activities in the participating countries. The workshop culminated a project on…

This guide to the creation and publication of a low-cost village-level community newspaper is based on actual experience in Indonesian villages. The guide focuses on participatory creation and management that allows the community to maintain total control over production. One newspaper, the Bulletin Kejar in West Java, is described as an…

This paper presents the justification for evaluative and instrumentation research into teacher effectiveness in the Third World in general and reports an attempt, within an instrumentation research, to evolve an operational definition of the concept such as would facilitate its assessment within the Nigerian cultural context in particular. To this…

The four sections of this paper outline changes in UNICEF programs from their inception in 1946 to recent initiatives circa 1983. The first section delineates shifts in program emphasis, showing how the organization's focus has moved from meeting the emergency needs of post-World War II European children toward addressing the long-term needs of…

This report presents an analysis that defines and quantifies the extent of government intervention in the agricultural sectors of the market-oriented countries most active in trade. One aim is to provide usable economic information for the multilateral trade negotiations (MTN), recently launched under the auspices of the General Agreement on…

This bulletin reports on amendments and recommendations pertaining to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. The purpose of the "Universal Child Immunization Act of 1986" is to authorize appropriations of additional foreign assistance funding for the Child Survival Fund and to assure that the additional resources will be directed primarily…