A linear relationship in psychotherapeutic groups between verbal behavior, defined as the level of communication, and experienced anxiety is hypothesized. A curvilinear relationship was discovered. Maximum level of anxiety occurred on border of communication of private and unknown-self material. When communication increased above these levels, the…

Each of 132 counseled students was compared to a "hypothetical twin" which represented the average of five noncounseled students closely matched to the counseled students. No significant differences in achievement were found between counseled students and their controls. (Author)

Differences in proportion of Negroes versus Caucasians receiving schizophrenic, alcoholic, and depressive psychiatric diagnoses were found. No significant race-related main effects were found on the nine Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) clinical scales. Results are discussed in terms of education having an inculturating effect on…

This replicated comparison of interviewer behavior and efficacy of complete novices and experienced professionals shows no significant differences between the two groups on genuineness and warmth, with one questionable difference in favor of the professionals on empathy. The implications of these findings for interviewer status are considered.…

Attempts to delineate the areas of role conflict for women and to establish a conflict hierarchy. Suggests that the greatest role conflict revolves around a woman's image of herself, and that those areas which deal more directly with that central concept are more stressful. (Author/PC)

Attempts to relate "successful" clinic handling of cases to various characteristics, including willingness to participate in research. Found that volunteers were less anxious and had greater sociability and self-esteem than non-volunteers. (Author/PC)

This research was an inquiry into the effects of interpretation in counseling. The feelings of subjects toward interpretation were compared with their feelings toward the techniques of reflection, advice giving, and probing. The implications of the use of interpretation in counseling are discussed. (Author)

Evaluations of both individual and group therapies have yielded equivocal results. The results of this study indicate that the proportion of variance contributed by pretesting is influenced by group membership, treatment, and outcome criterion and is largely unpredictable. (Author)

The study investigated the relationships between student-therapists' tolerance for ambiguity in visual perception tasks and (a)the positive affect displayed toward them by their clients, (b)measures of improvement in clients' self self-reference statements, and (c)measures of improvement in clients'"adjustment". (Author)

The study investigated the capacity of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) to discriminate between those who frequently recall dreams and those who do not. The results are interpreted as indicating that the frequent recaller experiences less and the infrequent recaller experiences more intrapsychic conflict. (Author)

Demographic variables, base rates, and personality characteristics of male delinquents were explored in three studies. The total population discharged from a treatment-oriented facility was followed. Significantly higher rates of recidivism were found among the younger delinquents, with prior institutional experience, and delinquents who had…

Twenty-six mildly distressed college student clients were assigned randomly to a nondirective or directive group. Internally oriented persons were more therapeutically responsive to the nondirective than to the directive approach, whereas the reverse tended to be the case among those more externally oriented. (Author)

The data demonstrate the existence of a unified, negative cognitive content that is associated with depressed mood among normal subjects. Since cognition emerged as a more stable characteristic than affect, one might conjecture that the cognitive component is activated in--and perhaps triggers--the development of depressed mood. (Author)

This study compared the outcome of external and internal scorers on the locus of control scale and considered the association between internal-external orientation and direct and nondirect marathon group therapy. The findings suggest that internals are better therapeutic risks than externals, regardless of a direct or nondirect therapist…

The present study investigated locus of control, and performance in a biofeedback situation where the goal was to increase EEG alpha rhythm. Subjects with an internal locus of control were better able to use feedback to increase their alpha activity than external subjects. (Author)