Assuming that counseling is an interlocking system of mutual influence and that the effect of various counselor/client responses on the behavior of the other is probabilistic, then it becomes important to understand what categories of factors contribute to the probabilistic tendencies of counselor and client to respond in different ways. One…

Fifty-six subjects were treated in an eight-week program including social learning, behavioral, cognitive, and assertiveness training procedures aimed at the alleviation of depression. Therapist contact, a cost-effectiveness variable, was varied across four treatment groups: individual therapy, small group, large group, and bibliotherapy.…

Today, while secular society has opened up a new range of roles and psychological expectations to women, the status and life of Orthodox Jewish women remain circumscribed by Jewish religious law. Orthodox women face inequality in four areas: in the synagogue and participation in prayer; in religious education; in legal areas such as status in…

The literature on attitudes of health workers toward the elderly suggests three variables as contributing to the elderly patient's perception of helplessness in the health care setting. First, the health worker may age-stereotype the elderly person as dependent, low in competence, and unlikely to respond to treatment. Secondly, the disparity in…

This review of the literature on effects attributable to the sex variable in counselor-client interactions is designed to identify situational and contextual factors which may be detrimental in establishing and maintaining the counselor-client relationship as well as provide understanding and assistance in alleviating attitudinal and behavioral…

This booklet is written for physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists, and other health care professionals who must deal with children with a life-threatening illness. It is for health care professionals who seek to help the child live as normal a life as possible in spite of a difficult situation. In five sections, the writings and…

Recently, interest has increased in self-help groups, lay referral networks, social support networks, natural helpers, and others which may be placed under a single conceptual umbrella--socially indigenous help--because they all deal with the issue of how people use other people, social groups, and lay institutions to alleviate problems in living,…

In the recent past, there has been a great deal of effort directed toward developing techniques for documenting therapeutic outcome. Funding sources and the general public seem to be demanding more meaningful data which indicate, in a clear manner, whether or not the services they are paying for are of value. Mental health centers, like other…

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that counseling students will be most inclined to develop and later use those skills which they perceive as being valuable. For example, if students consider display of warmth a characteristic which distinguishes effective from ineffective counselors, it is more likely that once graduated the students will…

Ways for teachers to implement peer-teaching activities, both same-age within a classroom and cross-age with other classrooms or schools are described. A guide for training students in interpersonal skills and teaching methods is provided. A section on games in the classroom and directions for making games for students to take home is included.…

Many books and papers have been written on the mechanics of supervision, but few of these materials deal with the concept of human relations and supervision. This brief paper looks at the humaneness of supervision--a necessary ingredient for successful supervisory skill. (Author)

This paper offers some suggestions to college counselors which are pertinent for effecting change in self-concept of student clients. What the counselor is really attempting to do in the counseling relationship is to help the youthful client find a more constructive, less painful, and healthier way to go through the maturational process which can…

Rogers (1970) suggests that group therapy may be both safer and far more effective than individual counseling and therapy in achieving conditions which encourage learning and personal growth. There are many "how to's" and "do's and don'ts" which will ameliorate conditions for creating learning, or problem solving, groups. The…

This publication describes a year-round program for emotionally disturbed girls between the ages of 10 and 15. The program, which is geared to delinquency prevention, does not accept "hard-core" delinquents. It revolves about a 26-day camping trip on which participants face up to wilderness situations that require them to accept responsibility for…

This document reports on parent and elementary pupil expectations regarding participation in a Big Brother-Big Sister type program. The parents and students included were all new to the program and experiencing the relationship with a Big Brother or Sister for the first time. In the program a community volunteer befriended a youngster at the…