One of the greatest barriers to the advancement of women in academia is the lack of sufficient role models or mentors. Although some women have been successful in gaining entry to positions previously dominated by males, there is no legislative provision for economic support for job-related training, either for self-development or for the…

Relationships among adult and young children's behavior in extended play encounters were examined. One group of normal six-year-old children completed 20 play encounters, while a second group of clinic-referred children completed 15 play encounters. Each child encountered either a trained/supervised or an untrained/unsupervised college…

This booklet was prepared to assist planning and service agencies and personnel with evaluation and advocacy of programs and services for the developmentally disabled. Part 1 of the booklet deals with evaluation, part 2 with advocacy; discussed in both sections are such issues as the legislative mandate, the use of computerized systems, systems…

This study examined the relationship between moral reasoning and altruistic behavior in 120 boys, 4- to 11-years old. Subjects were administered Damon's Positive- Justice Interview, and were presented helping and sharing tasks under five behavioral conditions corresponding to Damon's justice levels. Findings supported cognitive- developmental…

The basic problems faced by those implementing a project of assessing school needs and initiating change are discussed. An example of a teacher corps project funded for such an endeavor is summarized. How the initial problems of assessing needs to determine project goals and establishing a credible change relationship with school personnel were…

The importance of the role of caring in human behavior has recently been recognized as Mayeroff conceptualizes caring as a process of helping the other to grow and actualize himself. The purpose of this paper is to present a validation study of a self report inventory of giving care and receiving care. The reliability of the former was .799, the…

The effect of client reluctance, or resistance to professional assistance, has received little attention in the research on counseling effectiveness. At the college level, where most counseling is short-term in nature, this issue is especially crucial. In a short-term college counseling situation, it was found that intake measures of client…

The present study looks at the relationship between working mothers and adolescents, particularly at the support function mothers potentially fulfill for their sons and daughters. It attempts to determine: (1) whether maternal employment affects the mothers' performance in helping their adolescents deal with the problems and anxiety they confront…

This study compared perceptions held by clients seeking counseling of high school counselors, college counselors, advisers, counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatrists. While five of the six groups were not differentiated in terms of personal characteristics, wide differences emerged, even within the three counseling…

Subjects were angered or not angered during a bogus experimental task following which their assistance was solicited. Consistent with derivations from Rawling's concept of Anticipatory Guilt, the results indicated that anger facilitated helping only when the lone bystander's anger was directed toward the victim of an emergency. However, anger…

After a brief historical look at personal growth groups, this paper traces the steps involved in the development and evaluation of simulation materials which were designed to aid the group leader's understanding of his affect in the member/leader relationship. It examines the concept of this specific relationship in personal growth groups. Groups…

This paper demonstrates how the professional and self help groups can cooperate in offering direct client assistance. The author discusses the potential uses of the self help group by the professional counselor, and then examines these three dimensions of organized self help groups which should be considered: (1) their basic posture with respect…

The purpose of this study was to conduct an ecological study of a self-contained classroom of 8-, 9-, and 10-year-olds in order to: (1) define various techniques through which students offer help to and receive help from peers; (2) identify the types of situations under which these different types of peer helping relationships are likely to occur;…

This study explores the effects of a white, middle and upper-class preference system on the helping relationship. Evaluating people according to their monetary status, educational background, productiveness, and religious and social origins characterized many nursing students in the study. In an attempt to help students become aware of their own…

The various specialty occupations dealing with the rehabilitation of the disabled, retarded, disfigured, emotionally disturbed and socially disadvantaged have for a number of years suffered a manpower shortage. Since rehabilitation clients are stigmatized as unpleasantly different, and dealing with them is therefore considered "dirty work," it has…