Examines the implied meanings of labels. Client, patient, and typical person were compared using semantic differential-type scales and the Personal Attribute Inventory. Although client and patient were each evaluated more negatively than was typical person, no significant differences were found between client and patient. (Author/BEF)

Teachers can be overly and adversely "helpful" when they perform tasks that students can perform and learn from. The best way to help students is to avoid doing for them what they can do for themselves. (CJ)

The author examines the proposition that public schools "help" students, considering educators' and students' viewpoints on what constitutes "help" and "personal benefit." (SJL)

Examines the consistency of various methods of measuring helping behavior. Questionnaires concerning helping behavior among 280 sixth graders and teachers' ratings were compared to measures of altruistic behavior and behavioral intention administered 2 years later. (CM)

Black and white subjects (N=80) of both sexes completed the Budner Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale and Hogan Scale for Empathy. Data revealed limited support for the hypothesis that tolerance for ambiguity and empathy was positively correlated for White students of both sexes and not correlated for Blacks. (NRB)

The nature of informal helping processes in Israeli and North American organizations are compatible, although differences are noted. Israeli managers perceive the helping interactions in their organizations to be more active and directive than their American counterparts. (Author/BEF)

Patients receiving insight therapy or behavior therapy sought informal counsel outside of therapy more often than did control subjects. Patients in the behavior-therapy group used more outside counsel than did those in the insight-therapy group. (Author)

Discusses the need to improve interracial and cross-cultural relationships within therapeutic settings. Suggests strategies counselors can use to communicate more successfully with clients from different racial or ethnic backgrounds who have different values and personal characteristics. (MK)

The effects of older age, women's roles, and some aspects of rural life can jeopardize rural older women's well-being. A mutual help organization cannot be a solution to all problems, but it can be one element within the care continuum of rural older women. (Author)

One of the basic purposes of counseling is to help clients achieve some kind of behavioral and cognitive change that increases their competence in managing interpersonal relationships. The advantages and procedures for increasing clients' interpersonal skills within the context of a counseling group are discussed in this article. (Author)

Undergraduate students representing three ethnic groups were asked to rank-order help-givers for educational/vocational and emotional problems. Although none of the differences between groups or problem type were significant, the directions of small intergroup variations in help-source rankings supported other studies' findings regarding Blacks…

Investigated effects of time, task, and order in training college students in reflective responses. Major findings focused on relevance of time and assessment method in evaluating effectiveness of modeling and instructions. Results indicated the superiority of combined conditions and general lack of helping-skill competence of untrained…

Teachers have more opportunities than other therapists to strengthen children's self-concepts and to promote mental health in students. (JD)

The power relationship between physician and death counselor is well established The power relationship between the clergy and the death educator is more egalitarian. Death educators and counselors need to be aware of their role relationships with other relevant professionals. (Author)

Reasons for the failure of special programs to help college freshmen adjust to school are analyzed. (JD)