Self-disclosure to a therapist was investigated with 120 female subjects who viewed a video-taped vignette of a simulated psychotherapy session. Therapist self-disclosure was manipulated so that subjects saw a therapist exhibiting no disclosure, interpersonal disclosure, or intrapersonal disclosure. Subjects rated these therapists on a variety of…

This annotated bibliography consists of 136 entries pertaining to the counseling of women. Each annotation is preceded by a list of key words that provide clues as to the content of each article. (Author)

This paper explores the role of empathic arousal in mediating helping behavior. Undergraduates listened to a recording of a radio newscast that described the situation of a young woman whose parents had been killed in an automobile accident. Subjects were instructed either to imagine how the woman felt about her situation (imagine condition), or…

Most counselors adopt a "clinical" role as opposed to an "environmental" one, seeking to make the individual adjust to existing social and educational conditions rather than trying to bring various aspects of the organization or social system into harmony with each other and with individual needs. To find out which role is actually adopted by…

This study sought to ascertain the expectations regarding help for personal problems of Mexican-American people in one community. The population surveyed consisted of people not actively seeking mental health services. A questionnaire was formulated consisting of 18 items pertaining to expectations about help for personal problems. The results…

A person's actions are caused by the interaction of external environmental forces and internal personal forces. Attributing actions to one or the other set of forces is a distorted view of cause. In therapy, attributing actions to external forces, particularly past events, relieves the client of guilt and makes sense out of his actions.…

This study focuses on the process which goes on between husbands and wives in helping one another deal with problems and tensions. The husband-wife helping process is envisioned as a moderator of the relationship between the experiencing of pressures and strains in life and work situations and reports of personal satisfaction and well-being.…

This compilation of papers, presented at the 1974 Summer Workshop in Guidance and Counseling at the University of Wisconsin, Madison represents a variety of approaches related to individual counseling and supporting strategies. Farwell provides a rationale for the primacy of the individual counseling function within the total counseling and…

This paper briefly summarizes the literature relating to the counseling practicum experience, as well as reviews the development and basic principles of Gestalt therapy. A marriage between the Gestalt therapy approach and the counseling practicum is developed as follows: "Experiential learning, the here-and-now, I-and-thou, and integrating…

This paper describes the current status of a helping skills program designed to train mental health paraprofessionals in relationship-building skills. Six skills were identified as the basis of the training program: (1) understanding the need to be a helper; (2) using effective nonverbal behavior; (3) using effective verbal behavior; (4) using…

The purpose of this study was to determine differences, if any, in the counseling relationships established by white female counselors counseling black students as compared with black female counselors counseling black students. The Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, and California Test of Basic Skills were…

Concerned about increasing academic achievement and reducing dropout rates, particularly among disadvantaged students, researchers have sought to apply human relations training to teachers in efforts to change the interpersonal aspects of the teaching-learning situation. This paper reviews six years of such work by two educational researchers…

This report examines inhibition in help-seeking for male subjects. Using a male and female experimenter, the study examined the following five variables: (1) sex of helper; (2) sex role appropriateness of task; (3) anticipated future audience interaction; (4) sex role ideology of subject; and (5) self esteem of subject. The report concluded that,…

Immediately before and after taking a course on the physician-patient relationship, 102 sophomore medical students were measured on their preference for using understanding responses in a hypothetical patient interaction simulated by on objective test. Sixteen of these students were also rated on their use of understanding responses in an actual…

A descriptive model was developed of the dimensions of possible counseling interventions. The three dimensions are the target of intervention, purpose of interventions, and type or method of intervention. The target of the intervention refers to the possibility of interviewing with the individual, his primary or associational groups, or the…