Reviews Bale's view on relations between instrumental and expressive structures and ensuing work on legitimacy of instrumental structure. Conceptualizes this legitimacy in terms of integration of distribution of members' skills and instrumental structure. Discusses Bale's conception of primary and secondary differentiation and inequality…

Describes a practical conceptualization of group process and management, titled the TRAC model (tasking, relating, acquiring, contacting), which takes into consideration the changing nature of group life. (Author)

Presents problems associated with process analysis with a specific focus on definitional and methodological concerns. Discusses the need for a comprehensive system that will help researchers to separate and comprehend the individual parts of a group and their relationship to the whole group. (Author/LLL)

In two classes of 8 year olds and 2 classes of 11 year olds, each child ranked all members of his or her class in terms of degree to which classmate was strong and liked. Subjects consistently overestimated their place in the hierarchy in relation to peers' perceptions. Bias in perceptions of strength extended to peer group. (RH)

The objective of the exercise described here is to teach students about group formation using group concepts and theory. It also provides a unique way to form work groups for class projects. Students will become more aware of the reasons people join groups, the benefits groups provide for them, and an understanding of how groups are formed. The…

Investigated the role of a group structuring technique on the amount and depth of process involvement in two counseling training groups. The results partly supported the conclusion that early structure significantly affects process involvement among group members. Additionally, both groups showed strong gains in depth of process involvement over…

The fact that a group may subdivide into smaller subgroups is examined in the light of probability theory. (Author)

In summary, the results suggest that, with five-year-old children, more might be gained by structuring the task than by structuring the group." (Author)

This study explored the relationships between organizational structure and organizational climate on two levels -- the whole organization and the groups within it. (Author)

This article proposes a pedagogical framework to help students analyze their group and team interactions. Intersecting five fundamental group attributes (group size, group goal, group member interdependence, group structure, and group identity) with three overarching group processes (leadership, decision making, and conflict management) creates an…

Previous research suggested that social support, belongingness and mastery goals were related to the quality of cooperative learning (CL). In this in-depth study we explored how to differentiate between four effective CL teams and four ineffective CL teams, in terms of students' goals and perceptions of instructional conditions. Apart from the…

We investigated the effects of gender and group size on perceptions of group variability, using groups of students taking different majors that varied in the proportion of men and women (female-majority, parity, and male-majority). We found that both group size and gender had consistent effects on perceived out-group variability, even when…