Explores the possibility of multimodal bivariate thematic maps by utilizing auditory and haptic (sense of touch) displays. Measured completion time of tasks and the recall (retention) rate in two experiments, and findings confirmed the possibility of using auditory and haptic displays in geographic information systems (GIS). (Author/LRW)

"Sine-wave speech" sentences contain only four frequency-modulated sine waves, lacking many acoustic cues present in natural speech. Adults with (n=19) and without (n=14) dyslexia were asked to reproduce orally sine-wave utterances in successive trials. Results suggest comprehension of sine-wave sentences is impaired in some adults with…

This study identifies four patterns of how college presidents (N=32) interpret their own leadership roles and defines them in terms of a president's target of attention, mode of action, and relatedness to college life. It concludes that the presidency is not a singular, objective event but a subjective construction that may be experienced in…

The commentary to EC 232 373 and EC 232 374 discusses whether stuttering is really what the listener perceives, the stutterer senses, or the dictionary states. It concludes that stuttering can probably be defined in appropriate contexts as any or all of these three things. (JDD)

Reviews mental health counseling literature for descriptions of practice settings, mental health conceptual models, role descriptions, and essential knowledge and skills. Proposes mental health counseling definition that incorporates common elements from the review. Concludes with proposal for resolving mental health counseling's severe identity…

Evaluated role expectancies in essential nursing services of nursing home professional and relatives of residents. Although findings revealed significant agreement between groups, areas existed where families deemed themselves responsible for task but staff expectations were incongruent. Provides analysis of this process and discusses steps to…

Presents procedure, mixed-radix positional number algorithm, for reducing set of numerous changes and stabilities in multiple roles at given time to a single empirical code. Demonstrates applicability and utility of procedure to wide array of complex family analyses through a simple pedagogical example. (Author/NB)

Investigated contents of communications between supervisors and subordinates in the context of occupational stress as potential forms of social support for registered nurses (N=225). Determined nurses' perceptions of social support from their supervisors (functional social support) were more closely related to positive job-related communications…

Because the first educational reform waves were centered at state and school levels, superintendents have been left out of the picture. Excluding the superintendency from overall improvement designs or demeaning its contribution could unravel many change efforts. Superintendents must commit to a well-crafted educational agenda and redefine their…

When chief participants have failed to prepare adequately for negotiations, the resulting contract can be costly to the district. This article describes preparation procedures, such as developing the time table; designating the negotiations team; clarifying board role; reviewing the current contract, grievance cases, and recent legislation; and…

A series of three studies found that increased age was associated with lower levels of performance on tests of spatial visualization by unselected adults and adults with extensive spatial visualization experience. Age-related effects for some aspects of cognitive functioning may be independent of experiential influences. (RH)

In 3 experiments, 2 year olds imitated sentences that contained English or non-English functors (articles and verb inflections), and were controlled for suprasegmental and segmental factors. Children omitted English functors more often than non-English functors, thus indicating perceptual sensitivity to familiar elements. (RH)

A task-based and a values-based model used to measure nurses' occupational image were examined. Assessment of the discriminant validity of the values-based model and the generalizability of the task-based model tended to support the latter. (Author/JOW)

Results indicate that seven-month-old infants are sensitive to the depth cues of linear perspective and texture gradients. Self-produced locomotor experience is not necessary for the development of sensitivity to static-monocular depth information. (RJC)

Neuropsychological findings relevant to the question of whether visual imagery is visual or perceptual are reviewed and compared to cognitive psychology theories. Imagery does not appear to represent information acquired through visual sensory channels; rather, it seems to use some of the same neural representational machinery as does vision. (SLD)