Investigated the relation of clients' locus of control (LOC) orientation to problem perception and initiative in counseling (N=50). Findings supported the relation between perception of locus of problem source on an external-internal dimension and LOC orientation. Extent of internality of LOC was related to client initiative. (JAC)

Examines the Barclay report--the result of the British government's 1980 inquiry into the personal social services--for its implications for the United States. Concludes that it is possible to conceptualize and provide social care planning while enhancing and expanding advocacy roles. (LLL)

Excerpts from "The President's Spouse: Volunteer or Volunteered" are presented. The book includes essays by women married to higher education leaders and covers a variety of topics: entertaining, fund-raising, the delicate relationship with the board, family considerations, self-identity, and the question of remuneration. (MLW)

University of Arizona employees (N=182) participated in studies of the valuation of fringe benefits. Findings include a lack of employee knowledge regarding employer cost and market value of the studied benefit and undervaluation of the benefit by employees. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that employee benefit valuations anchor on…

Eighteen adults with developmental dyslexia were asked to repeat orally what they heard. Analysis of responses revealed an average vowel error rate of 29 percent and an average consonantal error rate of 22 percent, significantly different from those of nondyslexic control groups. Clinical histories suggested genetic transmission of the speech…

Two studies investigated three- and five-month-old infants' ability to discriminate and recognize different motions of rigid objects. Also explored was the nature of stimulus information which makes such discrimination and recognition possible. The results are discussed in terms of disruptions in the optic array. (Author/DST)

Attempted to determine whether a specific stepfamily curriculum would affect the stepfamily's awareness of preschool children. Although no changes were found in attitudes in either control or experimental groups, a significant increase was found in the experimental group's awareness. (Author/KS)

Tested three explanations for the differential impact of verbal and nonverbal cues on perceptions of counselor expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness: cue availability, vividness, and salience-vividness. Results suggest cue availability is not a compelling explanation for the power of nonverbal communications, vividness accounts for…

Examined the relationship between parental behavior as reported by parents, children's perceptions of parental behavior, and the effects of each on various aspects of children's self-evaluations. Results found little correspondence between parents' reports of their behavior and children's perceptions of this behavior. Findings support the symbolic…

Fifty-five first- and second-grade learning-disabled (LD) children were subdivided into six perceptual and linguistic subtypes using hierarchical cluster analysis techniques. Three distinctive patterns of learning disabilities were found, representing a specific language disability (27%) and two variations of mixed perceptual and linguistic…

Describes a model of professional intervention for community workers. The various roles of the community worker are also examined. These include the role of researcher, social policy analyst, enabler, social planner, program developer, organizer, rehabilitator, coordinator, educator, and mediator. Differences between community work theory and…

Conducted a three-generation study of women's attitudes toward gender-appropriate roles and filial responsibility. United States gender-role attitudes were more egalitarian than those of the Japanese. In both countries, all three generations agreed that care of the elderly is a family responsibility, but attitudes toward filial responsibility were…

Preschool children were presented with short passages in either a story or a communication context. In the first experiment, recall according to importance level was ascertained; in the second, metacognitive awareness of importance level was evaluated. Six-year-olds demonstrated some metacognitive awareness of importance level. Developmental…

Studies of stereo vision guide research on how animals see and how computers might accomplish this human activity. Discusses a sequence of algorithms to first extract information from visual images and then to calculate the depths of objects in the three-dimensional world, concentrating on stereopsis (stereo vision). (JN)

Three conceptual frameworks for examining the cognitive response to film are reviewed. It is suggested that a phenomenological rather than atomistic conception of the film-viewer interaction will be most useful for the generation of further studies in this area. (Author/RM)