Examines, in 30 normal infants from three age groups, differences in exploratory and sucking responses to artificial nipples varying in material and shape. Results suggest the existence of a developmental trend influenced by the type of nipple. Findings support the view that the mouth has a perceptual as well as a nutritive function. (Author/RH)

Employed the signal-detection paradigm as a model for investigating age-related biological versus cognitive effects on perceptual behavior. Old and young subjects reported the presence or absence of sugar in threshold level solutions and tap water. Older subjects displayed a higher detection threshold and obtained a stricter criterion of decision.…

Compares the effects of interpersonal distance, number of people, acquaintance level, and sex on perceived crowding and discomfort in two cultures. Data obtained from 90 eighth and ninth graders indicate that distance is more important a variable than number and that males are more sensitive to crowding than are females. (Author/RH)

Four stages in the development of tactual perception are described (awareness of tactual quality, shape conception and recognition, graphic representation, and symbology systems). Educational applications for blind infants and children are given for each stage. (CL)

Art teachers should be familiar with psychologist's research on human vision and perception. Research by Julian Hochberg, James Gibson, and Gestaltists is summarized. (SR)

The effects of children's gender perceptions of infants as "like me" or "not like me" on their behavioral interest in infants were experimentally manipulated. Thirty-seven boys and 34 girls at two age levels were observed in 10-minute encounters with unfamiliar seven-month-old infants and their mothers. (Author/RH)

Three categories of vocal music--children's songs, popular, and classic--were analyzed to study repetition of tones. It appeared that the repetition of tones is a function of recency. Results can be explained by an hypothesis of availability. (Author)

To explore the role of cross-modal perception in comprehending synesthetic metaphors, subjects read 15 metaphors relating visual and auditory qualities and set the loudness of a tone and the brightness of a light to the levels suggested by each metaphor. A pervasive cross-modal equivalence between loudness and brightness in the subjects' responses…

Under tachistoscopic viewing conditions, letters are better reported if they are presented as part of a word. Poor performance on the single letter words I and A appears to be a manifestation of a more general length effect; recognition of briefly presented words improves with increasing length (up to three or four letters). (Author/LC)

The authors provide a preliminary discussion of specific roles that paraprofessionals could assume in assisting professionals in educational programming for hearing-impaired children. The article is organized around responsibilities relating to diagnosis, instruction, instructional support, classroom behavior, and communication skills. Brief…

Interviews with ombudsmen at 18 of the 22 United States daily newspapers that have ombudsmen programs reveal that programs were created for a variety of reasons: to raise the confidence of the reading public in newspapers, to help readers understand the intricacies involved in creating and maintaining the press, and to provide access to the press…

The study involving 64 primary grade children examined identification of stimuli on three picture articulation tests--Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, the Photo Articulation Test, and the Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation. Significant differences between tests and between age groups appeared. (Author/SB)

The authors report data from a survey of perception of training from the viewpoint of the organization, the trainee, and the trainer. The article also presents a sample of the strategies traditionally available for improving these perceptions. (CT)

Activities involving photographs stimulate visual perceptual awareness. Children understand visual stimuli before having verbal capacity to deal with the world. Vision becomes the primary means for learning, understanding, and adjusting to the environment. Photography can provide an effective avenue to visual literacy. (Author)

Investigated the moderating effect of high and low anxiety on counselor perception of stages of dying. After completing the A-state scale, subjects observed a terminally ill speaker. Results indicated that high-anxious subjects, when compared with low-anxious, perceived the speakers as more denying, more angry, less accepting, and less hopeful.…