Results indicated that a combination of primary and conditional reinforcers was most effective in developing a verbal conditioned reinforcer which effectively functioned as a self-reinforcer to facilitate new learning for 80 second grade Ss. (Author/WY)

Parents and counselors must learn communication techniques which encourage expression of feelings and at the same time indicate adult approval or disapproval of the child's expressed behavior. Children must be helped to discriminate between a disapproving act and the doer". (CJ)

Four studies compared static versus dynamic presentations of examples and nonexaples of the concepts "diagonal" and "conves," with nonhandicapped preschoolers, mildly handicapped primary students, and severely handicapped adults. Ss taught with a dynamic presentation learned the discrimination in significantly fewer trials, with performance either…

When asked to identify "chairs" from a series of pictures and order them as best examples, adults used contextual clues about the objects' function in their judgments. However, contextual function clues caused children's judgment to change greatly. Results are discussed in relation to theories of concept formation in children. (MSE)

Results from the data analysis show that children learn mathematical concepts for clear cases, and that an analysis of attributes common to examples of a given concept is not a prerequisite to concept formation. The protocol findings provide information as to why this may be happening. (Author/PN)