This paper pushes beyond current debates over what is being called the science of reading to articulate a multidimensional complex conception of what is entailed in reading comprehension. Reading comprehension entails not only cognitive processes, but equally important is how issues of identity along multiple dimensions, perceptions of tasks and…

This study aims to conduct a systematic review of studies on neuroimaging measurements used in multimedia learning research. The particular aim of the review is to explore how cognitive processes in multimedia learning are studied with relevant variables through neuroimaging technology. Studies that met the inclusive criteria were selected and…

The study explored the cognitive processes of victims as depicted in their drawings of school bullying experiences. Sixty victims of school bullying in the age range of 11-12 years identified by the Illinois Victimization scale completed a drawing task that required them to depict their cognitive processes underlying victimization. A…

This chapter reports on a study investigating non-expert raters' scoring behavior and cognitive processes involved in evaluating speech acts and pragmatic routines in L2 Chinese. Pragmatic production data were collected from 51 American learners of Chinese, who completed a 12-item oral Discourse Completion Test (DCT). The learners were divided…

The results of Cognitive Intervention (CI) programs vary considerably; thus, it is helpful to assess the characteristics that enhance the effectiveness of these programs. Our objectives were to analyze the effectiveness of a multicomponent CI program called UMAM on cognitive performance, subjective memory, daily forgetfulness, and mood of…

Spatial thinking is essential for nurturing spatially literate graduates in tertiary education. However, there is limited research on individual differences in cognitive processes and their impact on spatial problem solving in disciplinary contexts. This study aimed to investigate cognitive processes involved in spatial thinking in geography…

In today's rapid dissemination of information, discerning truth from falsehood is crucial. We investigated how cues signaling information veracity influence memory accuracy and confidence in coherent narratives. Two studies manipulated perceptual difficulty in distinguishing true-labeled from false-labeled information in event descriptions using…

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a transformative educational tool, enabling immersive learning environments that promote student engagement and understanding of complex concepts. However, despite the growing adoption of VR in education, there remains a significant gap in research exploring how generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as…

Rational numbers, such as fractions and decimals, are harder to understand than natural numbers. Moreover, individuals struggle with fractions more than with decimals. The present study sought to disentangle the extent to which two potential sources of difficulty affect secondary-school students' numerical magnitude understanding: number type…

This study aimed to identify the perspectives of post-graduate students on online learning in the field of educational sciences utilizing Bloom's revised taxonomy specified for the cognitive domain to qualitatively explore the factors affecting lower-order thinking skills (LOTS) including remembering, understanding, and applying as well as…

This study aimed to examine an assumption regarding whether generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools can overcome the cognitive intensity that humans suffer when solving problems. We examine the performance of ChatGPT and GPT-4 on NAEP science assessments and compare their performance to students by cognitive demands of the items. Fifty-four…

Enhancing executive function in children and adolescents can have significant positive impact on their current and future daily lives. Upregulation of executive function associated with motor skill acquisition suggests that motor learning scenarios provide valuable developmental opportunities to optimize executive function. The present systematic…

Contemporary technological advancements offer new possibilities for enhancing user creativity. We aimed to explore how technology can boost student creativity to meet the twenty-first century's demand for innovative talent. Based on the 4P model of creativity (person, process, product, and press) and constructivist theory, a virtual reality (VR)…

Although we cannot see or touch time, across many cultures, we use spatial representations to think about this abstract concept. Spatial representations of time are thought to support temporal concepts that might otherwise be difficult to represent and reason about, such as the temporal component of episodic memory. One common form of spatially…

This paper examines the operation of the English Special Educational Needs and Disability tribunal system in relation to children who present with a dyslexia diagnosis. It identifies a number of significant weaknesses; in particular, the absence of clear diagnostic criteria capable of differentiating such children from large numbers of other…