Describes a naturalistic study of peer evaluation among 21 kindergarten children. Discussion of findings covers: (1) ways to request evaluation; and (2) ways to respond to evaluation. (RJC)

In an examination of the association of shared positive affect during 2 communicative contexts, it was found that 18 normal children displayed positive affect toward an adult during joint attention situations, while 18 autistic children did not. Eighteen mentally retarded children displayed high levels of positive affect during requesting as well…

The feelings of non-disabled children toward their disabled siblings are explored. Children describe how they sometimes react negatively to situations involving their disabled siblings even though they understand that their reaction is not the best response. The parents' role in serving the needs of all their children is examined. (JDD)

Among 36 newborns, Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) activity level, responsivity, and irritability exhibited stability from 2 weeks to 2 months and from 2 months to 12 months. Irritability was stable from 2 weeks to 12 months. IBQ ratings generally increased by year's end. (RH)

Argues that science must not describe behavior by reporting feelings. Gives examples of words that describe the feelings that accompany the following behavior: (1) doing; (2) sensing; (3) changing; (4) wanting; (5) waiting; (6) thinking; and (7) several other attributes of mind. (FMW)

Examines the psychological aspect of affirmative action on the female beneficiary in terms of other people's perceptions, self-perception, and beneficiaries' reaction to an organization with an affirmative action plan. Strategies for providing a supportive organization environment and potential benefits are presented. (SK)

Thirty-seven men with adolescent children had their testosterone levels measured and then responded to questionnaires on marriage, parent-child relationships, and midlife crises. Results indicated a significant inverse correlation between male midlife stress and the quality of father-adolescent communication. (MDM)

Presents arguments against A. Fernald's (1987, 1989) universality of prosodic modifications in speech addressed to infants and supports the cultural account of prosodic modifications to infants and children. Data are presented to defend N. Bernstein-Ratner and C. Pye (1984) conclusions on Quiche mothers and are used to reinterpret the universal…

Reports on two studies that explicate the process and structure of affective orientation (AO). Provides strong evidence that AO is not redundant with existing measures of self-awareness and emotional responding, and that the pattern of processing emotional information remains stable across time. (SR)

Observations of 10 adult-child dyads (4 3- to 5-year-old children cooperated with their fathers, and 6 with their mothers) engaged in a construction task showed that children contributed actively to the interaction and the solutions of the problems. Some interactions were characterized by a mode in which affective interchanges predominated. (SLD)

Effective problem solvers have an aptitude complex composed of cognitive, affective, and conative factors. After diagnosing learning readiness, instructions can organize strategies to help students structure knowledge and develop the attitudes, confidence, and skills to think through application-level problems. (SK)

Studied affect, psychophysiology, and verbal content of arguments in 60 couples with violent husband. Found that no wife behaviors successfully suppressed husband violence once it began; husband violence escalated in response to nonviolent and violent wife behaviors. Both battering husbands and their wives were angrier than their maritally…

Provides a comparative test of two psychological theories concerning the relationship between affect and performance. Used managerial simulations to test whether people with positive dispositions perform better or worse on both decisional and interpersonal tasks. Results support the happier-and-smarter, as opposed to the sadder-but-wiser,…

Examined stages that college students (n=64) experience in adventure-based educational program. Analyzed affective statements from student journals to discern any apparent pattern. Six stages of adjustment to adventure-based program were identified: adventure, apprehension, affiliation, animation, accomplishment, and appreciation. (Author/NB)

Children as young as eight years of age can discriminate between affect-eliciting statements, differentially rate up to five concurrent emotional responses, and predict response patterns similar to those predicted by adults. During adolescence, there are sex differences in the prediction of secondary emotions. (RH)