An attempt to empirically test conflicting hypotheses on whether scientific discoveries are the result of research by many or few scientists. The data, drawn from physics, supports the hypothesis that physicists making important discoveries depend on the research of a relatively small number of scientists. (Author/JB)

The history of the short film and the single concept film loop is presented. Lists fourteen reasons why it may be necessary to make and use a film loop. Film loop projectors are analyzed according to present features and deficiencies with predictions on future improvements. (DS)

Research review is conceptualized as a scientific inquiry involving five stages that parallel those of primary research. The functions, sources of variance, and potential threats to validity associated with each stage are described. (Author/PN)

Various phenomena in chemistry and biology can be understood through Gibbs energy utilization. Some common phenomena in chemistry are explained including neutralization, hydrolysis, oxidation and reaction, simultaneous dissociation equilibrium of two weak acids, and common ion effect on solubility. (Author/SA)

"Psychologists in the People's Republic of China are engaged in research concerning theory, Chinese language, child development, vision, audition, and areas of physiological psychology including acupuncture, pain, memory, and central nervous system functioning. The Institute of Psychology within the Chinese Academy of Sciences represents the…

Comments on "On What Basis Hope? Modern Progress and Postmodern Possibility" (Danforth), which argues that advances in social science have had a negative impact on the lives of individuals with mental retardation. Argues that Danforth distorts the contributions of the scientific method in positively affecting human lives. (CR)

Part One presents empirical results of students' epistemological conceptions of laws, hypotheses, theories, and models. These results are discussed in relation to research results from different recent publications. Part Two gives an outline and analysis of a two-year program for teaching epistemology in a physics course. (AIM)

Describes grade 5-8 school project designed to collect, preserve, prepare, and observe small items under a microscope. The project aimed to demonstrate the scientific method, as well as to teach students to search for their own questions and answers. Includes listing of materials and projects procedures. (Contains eight references.) (NB)

Compared tutoring episodes where tutoring did and did not cause learning in university physics students to inform design of intelligent tutoring systems. Found that when students were not at an impasse, learning was uncommon regardless of the tutorial explanations employed. When students were at an impasse, tutorial explanations were sometimes…

Discusses the portrayal of scientists in commonly used school GCSE textbooks and addresses the issue of their suitability for teaching the ideas and evidence strand. (Contains 30 references.) (DDR)